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EXAMINATION 
PAPERS 

USED DURING THE YEARS 

1877-1882 



Harvard, Yale, Columbia, 
Cornell, Amherst and Williams Colleges. 



COMPILED AND ARRANGED 

BY 

HARRY THURSTON PECK, M.A., 

FELLOW OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 






New York : . JSTo,.,^.?. ,?:<?" / 2^ 

GiLLiss Brothers, yv,€V^^ .-(•''■'' -^ 

75 & 77 Fulton Street. 



S>0PWA' 



'-'^ 



Copyright 1882 
5y Harry Thurston Peck. 



PREFACE. 

During an experience of several years in preparing students for collegiate 
examinations, I have found nothing more serviceable in giving a finish and 
completeness to their preparation, than the use of papers employed in the 
examinations of previous years. Students have often remarked to me that 
nothing else afiforded them so clear an idea of what was likely to be required 
of them ; for while the questions are not alike each year, their general scope 
and tenor are the same ; and there is a general similarity, throughout them 
all. 

I have been led to think, therefore, that what I have myself found useful 
may be of some slight service to others ; and it is in this belief that the papers 
here collected are now published. Complete sets of entrance questions used at 
Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Cornell, Amherst, and Williams Colleges ; sets of 
papers used at the intermediate and concluding examinations of the freshman, 
sophomore, junior and senior classes in Columbia College ; and the questions 
asked in the scholarship and other prize examinations at Columbia, have been 
included in this little volume, so that the student who is preparing to pass 
examinations, and the instructor who is assisting him, may engage in their 
work with a better understanding of what is to be required of them both. 

The colleges enumerated above have been chosen for the reason that of all 
American universities, these are acknowledged to stand highest, both in their 
requirements for admission and in the scholarship and literary attainments of 
their graduates. Whoever can successfully pass the examinations at these 
institutions need not fear to present himself before the faculty of any 
other in this country. 

It will be noticed that among the Columbia sets, those in mathematics are 
the most numerous. The reason of this will be sufficiently obvious to the 
Columbia student who remembers that it is in mathematics that more under- 
graduates are conditioned than in any other study of the curriculum. Still 
another reason is found in the fact that copies of these papers are seldom seen, 
it not being permitted to take them from the room. 

In conclusion, I desire to express my thanks to members of the different 
faculties for many favors courteously extended ; aiid to express the hope that 
the study of the papers herein contained will be of service alike to under- 
graduates and to those whose special work lies in the line of collegiate pre- 
paration. 

H. T. P. 

Columbia College, Sept. i, 1882. 



HARVARD. 

[The University now furnishes copies of entrance papers to any one upon 
application. The requirements for admission include many options under the 
new elective system. To those who do not seek an advanced standing at 
entrance, but only desire to enter without honors, the following requirements 
are recommended, and will be found the easiest preparatory course possible : 
Latin, Caesar's Gallic War, IV Books ; ^neid, VI Books; Grammar, Prosody, 
Easy Translation at Sight, Prose Composition. Greek, Easy Greek at Sight 
(from the Anabasis), Easy Prose Composition, Iliad I-III. Ancient History 
(Greece and Rome). Mathematics, Arithmetic entire, except the technical 
parts of commercial arithmetic ; Algebra, through Quadratics ; Geometry, thir- 
teen chapters of Pierce's Geometry. Physics, Rolfe and Gillette's Nat. Philos. 
English Composition, a composition written in the room upon a subject given 
out at the time of examination. To secure admission, forty-five per cent, of 
the questions must be correctly answered.] 



ENTRANCE EXAxVIlNATION. 
(1882.) 
Latin, 
I^Translate Caesar, Bk. III., 3. 

Write out the words quo in consilzo . . . possent, marking quantity 
of every vowel. Explain synia.x o{ nihil, subsz'di'o, veniri, pervenissent. 
Give future indicative of timendum, exquirere, relictis, posset, placuit, 
experiri. Give nom. 2J\(\ gen. sing. 2Si(S. gender of obsidibus, loca, sub- 
sidio, salute, eventum. Who was Galba.'' What were the circumstances 
here mentioned and what the result.? 

II. Translate /Eneid, Bk. IV., 416-424. 

Explain circumstances under which these words were said. Give 
metrical scheme of lines 420, 421, 422, 423. Mark caesura in line 417. 

III. Translate /Eneid, Bk. VI., 863-874. 

Describe briefly the circumstances here alluded to. Write metrical 
scheme of lines 870 and 871. Hov^ does the scanning help settle the 
syntax in line 874 ? 

(Latin at Sight.) 

IV. Translate : — 

Itaque illorum responsis tum et ludi per dies decem facti sunt neque 
res ulla quae ad placandos deos pertineret praetermissa est, eidemque 
iusserunt simulacrum lovis facere maius et in excelso collocare et contra 



6 HAKVARD COLLEGE. 

aique antea fuerat ad orientem convertere: ac se sperare dixerunt, si 
illud signuin, quod videtis, solis ortum et forum curiamque conspiceret, 
fore ut ea consilia quae clam essent inita contra salutem urbis atque im- 
perii, illustrarentur, ut a senatu populoque Romano perspici possent. 
Atque illud sigaum coUocandum consules illi locaverunt, sed tanta fuit 
operis tarditas, ut neque superioribus consulibus neque nobis ante hodier- 
nuni diem collocaretur. 

Explain mood and tense oi pertineret, conspiceret, fore, essent inita, 
illustrarenttir, possent. Explain construction of collocanduvi. Explain 
m^2.mv\%\itx& oi responsis, ludi. Show position of statue from descrip- 
tion here given. Give general idea of this passage. 

V. Cicero. 

Translate : — 

Tu, tu, inquam, M. Antoni, princeps C. Caesari omnia perturbare 
cupienti causam belli contra patriam inferendi dedisti. Quid enim aliud 
ille dicebat } Ouam causam sui dementissimi consili et facti adferebat, 
nisi quod intercessio neglecta, ius tribunicium sublatum, circumscriptus^ 
a senatu esset Antonius.? Omitto quam haec falsa, quam levia, praeser- 
tim cum omnino nulla causa iusta cuiquam esse possit contra patriam 
arma capiendi. Sed nihil de Caesare : tibi certe confitendum est causam 
perniciosissimi belli in persona tua constitesse O miserum te, si haec in- 
telligis, miseriorem, si non intelligis hoc litteris mandari, hoc memoriae 
prodi, huius rei ne posteritatem quidem omnium saeculorum umquam 
immemorem fore, consules ex Italia expulsos, cumque iis Cn. Pompeium, 
quod imperii populi Romani decus ac lumen fuit, omnes consularts, qui 
per valetudinem^ exsequi cladem illam fugamque potuissent, praetores, 
praetorios, tribunos plebis, magnam partem senatus, omnem subolem 
inventutis, unoque verbo rem publicam expulsam atque exlerminatam 
suis sedibus ! 

' circumscribe, hamper o?ie's actions. 
^ valetudo, state of health. 

Explain construction oi inferendi and compare with it that of capiendi 
below. Explain mood and tense oi potuissent, circumscriptos esset, pos- 
sit. Cuiquam, why not alicui or cuique? Give derivation oi princeps, 
tribunicium, iusta, posteritatem, showing force of suffix or suffixes in 
each case. 

VI. Virgil. Translate yEneid, Bk. IX., 644-652. 

Scan last seven lines, and point out at least two peculiarities of 
versification. 

VII. Ovid. Translate Metamorphoses, Bk. XIII., 1-12. 

VIII. Translate into Latin. 



HARVARD COLLEGE. 7 

(a) Have you forgotten who commanded the Carthageniaris at 
Zama? 

Having got possession of the tow^n, he ordered the prefect to close 
all the gates. 

He advised the counsel to go to Ephesus, the chief town of that 
region. 

The soldier confessed that he was sorry for his cowardice, and 
begged Csesar to pardon him. 

(J?). The matter was laid before the senate, and it was decided that 
ambassadors should be sent. But men could not be found to send, since 
every one refused the duty from fear. For Pompey, on departing from 
the city, had said in the senate that he would equally regard as enemies 
those who had remained at Rome and those who had been in Caesar's 
camp. Thus three days were spent in discussion and inactivity. Even 
Lucius Metellus, tribune of the people, was persuaded by the enemies of 
Csesar to resist the decree of the senate and hinder whatever Csesar 
wished to do. When Caesar found out his design, having wasted several 
days in vain, he departed from the''city, leaving unfinished what he had 
intended to do, and in order to lose no more time hastened to Massilia 
in farther Gaul. 

IX. Translate into English, Nepos, Pelop. XVI., 5. 

[Note: Questions IV., V., VI., VII., and VIII (b), are ViO\. prescribed ; but 
the student seeking admission will find these options less difficult than any 
other.] 

GREEK. 

(Easy Greek at Sight.) 

I. Translate into English : — 

[J^^You are advised not to write any part of the translation until you have 
read the passage through two or three times. 

[Subject. — A council of war between Cyrus and Cyaxares.] 

Translate: — 

KvpoQ ok xac Kua$dpy^(; auuTfx^dfieuoi Trepiejusuov, wc, £'' npoai- 
oceu ol TzoXkfxtot.^ payobiizvoc. ojc, ok otj/.ou iyeuevo ore oux i^iocev 
ol TioXepcot ix Tou epuparoz'^ ouok udyrjv Tioi^aocvro ev zauTrj vvj 
fipipa, 6 fikv Koa^dprj(; xaleoaz xov Kopov xal rcov dXkwv zobz 
eTraaipcou^^ eAeqe rocdoe' Aoxec poc, e^'^, <^ dvopeq, waiiep Tuy- 
y^dvopev auvreTOYpsvoc oozcoc, ikvai Tiphc, zb ipupa zCov dvdpa>v xal 
orjXouu ozc OiXopev pdjEa&at. ouzo) fdp, i(p'f]i £«v pr] duzsm^cco- 
(Tcv ixslvoi, ol p.kv 'qp.kzE()Ot palXov dapp^aoyzet;^ ojitaacv, oi tto- 



(^ 



r^^ 



8 HARVARD COLLEGE. 

Xifuoc dk T7)V ToXfiav td6vTe(; -fjiiMV [lakXov (poSijaovrac. rouroi 
p.kv OUTOQ idoxei. 6 dk Kupo^, M-rjoafxwz, l^'-y, 7ipb<; zcov ^ecou, w 
Kua^dpyj, ouzco Trodjacojuev. ec yap fjorj ix<fauivTe<; Tropsua6/2£da, 
oiC (JO xeXeusc^, vuv re^ izpoaiovxac. 'rjp.ac, o\ noXifxcoc dedaourae 
oudku (fo6oupsuoc, ecddzsi; on iu daipakzl eca: zoo pisdev Tzadetv 
iTiecddv zs'^ psSkv TioiTjaavzs.:; dTzlcopeu, ndXcv xadopcouze^ epiov rb 
TzXrjdoc. 7io)h iudesQZBpov zoo eauzcov xazafpovijaouac , xac'^ aopiou 
i^caae TioXh ippcopev&azepacq^ zalz yvdiixaiQ. 

'^ intrenchment. ^ important (kTzi, Kaipog). ^Odppog, courage. ^re . . . 
re . . . K.al, both . . . and . . . and. ^ puvvv/ic, strengthe7i. 

ll. Translate, Iliad I., 266-274. 

Who is the speaker of these lines ? 

Where are rpd^tv (266), ^vvczv (273), •n-eidovTo (273) made, and from 
what present indicatives ? 

Account for case of BovXeuv (273). 
in. Translate II. II., 455-466. 

Composition or derivation oi aansTov (455) and 6ov7iixo^^''-P^'^ (460). 

Account for case of bvpavbv (458). 

Account for accent oi diro (464). 

What river near Troy besides the Scamander does Homer frequently 
mention ? 

IV. Translate II. III., 351-360. 

Copy verse 351 ; divide it into feet; mark the quantity of every 
syllable ; and indicate caesura. 

Explain mood o{ eppiyvoi (353) and Tcapdaxrj (354)- 
Composition of d/u-nreiraXuv (355) : where is it made and from what 
present indicative .f* 

V. Translate Herodotus IV,, 131, 132. 

[Subject. — The Scythians send to King Darius five arrows, a bird, a frog, and 
a mouse. The Persians are at a loss as to the meaning of these gifts.] 

VI. Translate into Greek : — 

(a). They asked him who did this. 

He is willing to wait until I send to the king. 

They took-care^ that they should themselves be free.^ 

If you have done none of these things, what do you fear.'' 

All the citizens remained five days. 

The Thirty ordered^ them to lead* Leon away,* that he might be- 
executed.'' 



HARVARD COLLEGE. 9 

They took Orontes by the girdle.^ 
I shall have had everything which I wished. 
^ ETTifieMo/iac. ^ kTievdepog. ^ Tvpoardcrac). ^ airdya. ^ anod^vrjaKu {z.or.). ^ ^uvr/. 

(b). Tissaphernes happened to be in Sardis^ when the battle 
occurred. So that the Persians said that they had been betrayed" by him, 
and the king himself having sent Tithraustes cuts off the head of Tissa- 
phernes. After this Tithraustes sends ambassadors to Agesilaos, say- 
ing : "The king thinks it right'^ that you yourself return home, but that 
the cities in Asia, being independent,* pay him the old tribute."^ 
Agesilaos answered that he would not do this without authority^ from 
Sparta.'' 

I lidpdeig. ^ Tcpodidufit. ^ d^ioa^ * avrdvofiog. ^ 6aa[i6q. *> to. TEkr]. ' olmi. 

[Note : Questions V, and VI (bj are not prescribed, but have been select- 
ed as the least difficult of the options.] 

ANCIENT HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY. 

\_Omzt one questio7i front each of the followmg grotips?^ 

I. 

1. What are the principal divisions of Asia Minor? Name and lo- 
cate five of the chief cities of Italy. 

2. Draw a map showing military roads in Italy and principal towns 
through which they pass. 

II. 

I. Who are the chief authorities for the history of the regal period 
and when did they write.'' What were their sources of information .'' 
What other sources of information have we } 

1. Tell what you know about Gajus Marius. 

3. Give an account of the reign of Hadrian (a.d. 117-138.) 

III. 

1. What forms of Government were represented in Greece,? Give 
the leading features of each. 

2. State briefly political results of following battles: Marathon; 
Aegos-potami ; Mantineia ; Chaeroneia ; Pydna. Give dates of battles. 

3. Aristides ; Lysander ; Pelopidas ; Brasidas. Give brief account 
of two. 

PHYSICS. 

I. Show the experiment of the Magdeburg hemispheres and tell 
what the experiment shows. 



lO HARVARD COLLEGE. 

2. How far would a body fall in three seconds in a vacuum ? 

3. Explain " beats " produced by musical sounds. 

4. Upon what does the color of bodies depend ? 

5. What is the apparent position of a pomt seen by reflection in a 
plane mirror.? Show how to determine the apparent position of an 
arrow under the same circumstances. 

6. Are liquids and gases good or bad conductors of heat? What is 
convection of heat? 

7. Describe the construction and use of the gold-leaf electroscope. 

GEOMETRY. 

1. What must you know about the sides or angles of two triangles 
in order to be able to infer that they are equal ? 

Prove that two triangles are equal when the three sides of the one 
are respectively equal to the three sides of the other. 

2. Two chords of a circle which intersect within the circumference 
divide the latter into four parts whose lengths taken in order are 89"', 
43*'. 117°. and 111°. Find, without proof, the angles which chords make 
with each other. 

Prove that an angle formed by two secants intersecting without the 
circumference, is measured by one-half the difference of the intercepted 
arcs. 

3. Define similar polygons and prove that two triangles are similar 
when they are mutually equiangular. 

4.' State, without proof, how you would inscribe a regular decagon in 
a given circle. 

5. Prove that in a right-angled triangle the straight line joining the 
right angle to the centre of the square on the hypothenuse will bisect the 
right angle. 

ARITHMETIC. 

1. Simplify 4^ 

51+ 

2. It takes 54 yards 2j^ feet of carpet to cover a floor 23;^ feet 
long and 15^ feet wide. Find the width of the carpet. 

3. If a pound equals 0.4536 kilogrammes, how many grains are there 
5" 3% grammes ? 

[i lb.— 7000 grains.] 

4. Find the greatest common divisor of 323 and 437. 

5. I gained 33>^ per cent, in selling a horse, and with the proceeds 



HARVARD COLLEGE. 



bought another horse which 1 afterwards sold for $120, thereby losuig 25 
per cent. Did I gain or lose by the transactions ? 



I. Simplify 



ALGEBRA. 



be I b"^ -\- c a c^ -\- a b 



{a — b)(a — c) ' {b + c) {b — a) ' {c — a){c-^ b) 

2. A man bought a certain number of sheep for $300 ; he l<ept i 5 
sheep, and sold the remainder for $270, gaining half a dollar a head. 
How many sheep did he buy and at what price.'' 

3. Find greatest common divisor of 

2X5 |i_j;2 p antl 4;t;5 _|_ wx'^ + 8l. 

4. Solve the equation 

(4^2 _ ^2) (^3 + i) _^^_^ 

\a^ + b^ 
Reduce answers to their lowest terms. 

5. Find square root of 

5 J 

x^ + 2x^ — 3jr2 — AfX'^ + 4x. 

6. A and B can do a piece of work in 18 days ; A and C can do it 
in 45 days; B and C in 20 days. Find the time in which A, B, and C 
can do it, working together. 

ENGLISH COMPOSITION. 

I. 

Write a short composition on one of the subjects given below : — 

{a). Othello's Defence before the Senate. 

{d). Comparison of Desdemona with Emilia. 

{c). Character of lago. 

{d). lago's Plot. 

(1?). Character of Cassio. 

(_/). Parallel between Othello and Falconbridge. 

(^). The Death of Othello. 

II. 

Correct any errors you discover in any twelve of the following sen- 
tences :— 

{a). The vote of the trustees on the resolution sustaining President 
Bartlett, was 6 in the affirmative, 4 in the negative, with one member of 
the board absent, whom it is claimed by the opposition would have voted 
in the negative. 

ip). " I only said I wouldn't go, without one of the servants come up 
to Sir Leicester Dedlock," returns Mr. Smallweed. 



12 HARVAKD COLLEGE. 

(<:). Neither Senators Dawes nor Hoar were in their seats to-day. 

{d). She was smaller in stature than either of her three sisters, to 
all of whom had been acceded the praise of being fine women. 

{e). Happily, neither she nor her mother had completely parted 
with their senses. 

(/). If I review Virgil, for instance, in April, I will forget much of 
it before July, having so much other work on my hands. 

ig). "Lying off the Battery, we would be as easily accessible as 
vessels at the city piers." 

"When will you be ready for business?" asked the reporter. 
" By the spring of 1883 ; not before. * * * We shall have a stock com- 
pany, but there will be comparatively little stock issued. We shall place 
a large amount of bonds. This will enable us to avoid onerous taxation 
from the city." 

{h). He folded it and put it in his breast pocket and laid down once 
more, and it was not referred to again. 

(z). Although Mr. Jonas conducted Charity to the hotel and sat 
himself beside her at the board, it was pretty clear that he had an eye to 
"the other one" also, for he often glanced across at Mercy and seemed 
to draw comparisons between the personal appearance of the two, which 
were not unfavorable to the superior plumpness of the younger sister. 

{k). " This is a phenomena common to an immense number of dis- 
eases." 

(/). " Mr. Stanley was the only one of his predecessors who slaught- 
ered the natives of the region he passed through. 

(;«.) " She was a good deal hurt, and her hand so severely injured 
that unless she has the forefinger amputated she will entirely lose the use 
of it." 

(;z). " The farmstead was always the wooden, white painted house 
of which all the small country towns are composed. 

((?). If I were old enough to be married, I am old enough to man- 
age my husband's house. 

{p). The seventeenth century evidently had a different notion of 
books and women than that which flourishes in the nineteenth. 

{q). "It would not suit the rules of art nor of my own feelings to 
write in that style." 

FRENCH. 

[A good translation of No. i is all that is necessary to pass. 2 and 3 are 
set to enable candidates to make up for some deficiencies in translation. Write 
4 if you can.] 

I.- Translate : — 

Le docteur sauta en bas ; et prenant sous son bras son iivre, et a la 
main ses pistolets, it s'en vint lout seul a la porte de la cabane. A 



HARVARD COLLEGE. 



13 



peine il y cut frappe, qu'un homme a la physionomie fort douce vint liii 
ouvrir la porta, et s'eloigna de lui aussitot, en lui disant : " Seigneur, je 
ne suis qu'un pauvre paria, qui ne suis pas digne de vous recevoir : mais 
si vous jugez a propos de vous mettre a I'abri chez moi, vous m'honorerez 
beaucoup. — Mon frere, lui repondit I'Anglais, j'accepte de bon coeur." 
Cependant le paria sortit avec une torche i la main, une charge de bois 
sec sur son dos, et un panier plein sous son bras ; il s'approcha des gens 
de la suite du docteur, qui etaient a quelque distance de \k sous un arbre, 
et leur dit : '• Puisque vous ne voulez pas me faire I'honneur d'entrer 
chez moi, voila des fruits enveloppes de leurs ecorces que vous pouvez 
manger sans etre souilles, et voila du feu pour vous s^cher et vous pre- 
server des tigres. Que Dieu vous conserve!" II rentra aussitot dans sa 
cabane, et dit au docteur : " Je vous le repete, je ne suis qu'un malheu- 
reux ; mais omme a votre teint blanc et a vos habits je vois que vous 
n'etes pas Indien, j'espere que vous n'aurez pas de repugnance pour les 
aliments que vous presentera votre pauvre serviteur." En meme temps 
il mit a terre, sur une natte, des pommes, des patates cuites sous la cen- 
dre, des bananes grillees, et un pot de riz ; aprds quoi il se retira sur sa 
natte, aupres de sa femme et de son enfant, endormi prds d'elle dans un 
berceau. " Homme vertueux, lui dit I'Anglais, vous valez beaucoup mieux 
que moi, puisque vous faites du bien a ceux qui vous meprisent. Si vous 
ne m'honorez pas de votre presence sur cette meme natte, je croirai que 
vous me prenez moi-meme pour un homme m6chant, et je sors a I'instant 
de votre cabane, duss6-je etre noy6 par la pluie, ou devore par les 
tigres." 

2. Principal tenses of all verbs in first 4lines (thus Inf. e/re ; Pres. 
Part. //««// Past Part. ///; Ind. ?'SC£.%. je suis ; FKKi.jefus). 

3. Principal rules for formation of feminine of adjectives. 

4. Write 8 or 10 lines in French about President Garfield. 



14 



YALE. 

[Requiremknts for Admission : Greek, Grammar and Prosody, Prose 
Composition; Xenophon, Bks. I. -IV. of Anabasis; Iliad, Bks. I. -III.; Easy 
Greek at Sight, Greek History. Latin, Grammar and Prosody, Four Bks. of 
Caesar's Gallic War, or Sallust's Jugurtha, Seven Orations of Cicero, Bucolics 
and Six Bks. of ^neid, Metamorphoses of Ovid, 2500 lines. Easy Latin at 
Sight, Prose Composition, Roman History. Mathematics, Higher Arithmetic 
complete. Algebra ( I^oomis's to Logarithms ), Euclid, Bks. I. and II. 
English and Modern Geography are no longer required. To secure admission 
candidates must successfully answer fifty per cent, of all the questions.] 

1881. 

LATIN. 

{Grammar.') 

[In writing Latin words, mark quantity of penult in forms of more than two 

syllables.] 

1. Give genitive singular of miles, fides, senex, bos, rus. 

2. Decline in full: caput, plus, trisiis. 

3. Give nominative, genitive and dative singular, in full, of each of 
the demonstrative pronouns. 

4. Tell exactly where each of the following forms is made, and from 
what present it comes : velitis,potuere, euntes, scriberemur, nosse. 

5. Give synopsis of second person singular subjunctive active of a 
verb of each of the four regular conjugations. 

6. Principal parts of tango, siiifio, sentio, vinco. 

7. Explain use of modes in conditional sentences. 

8. State what you can concerning form and use of the locative case. 



[Omit any two of the passages.] 

1. Translate Cctsar, B. G., I., 34. 

Change the words of Ariovistus to direct discourse. 

2. Translate Caesar, B. G., IV., 23. 

Why is convenient In the subjunctive? 

Describe the vigilicB and horce. Give approximate English equiva- 
lent of hora Jiona. 

3. Translate Sallust J., 35. 



YALE COLLEGE. . I5 

Sketch concisely the career of Juguriha. 

4. Translate Sallust J., 95. 

[One of the following passages may be omitted.] 

5. Translate Cic. in Cat. III., 10, 

Give the principal verbs of this sentence : Upon what does quantum 
— potiiisset depend.'' What explains the meaning of lex haec ? Explain 
the subjunctives possent^ putassent. Why did Cicero go into exile } 
How long was this after his consulship ? 

6. Pro Marcell. I. 

With what does idem agree? Construction of the antecedent of 
quce. Why the pluperfect tense in ^rrt;w ?/fi-/«.? What moved Cicero to 
deliver this oration .'' What was the late of Marcellus .'' 

7. Pro Arch. III. 

Explain fully the meaning of the seatence Nadus est — posset. Why 
is the subjunctive required.'' Why alter and not alius? 

8. Pro Lig. XII. 

What determines the gender of nulla? With what does melius 
agree ? Why are the two negatives nulla — nee not equivalent to an 
affirmative ? 

( Virgil^ 

1. Translate ^neid II., 491-499. 

Who is referred to by patria? Give construction oS. ariete and of 
ciatiulo. Describe the aries. 

Divide first three lines into feet, and give rules for quantities of all 
vowels in the first line. 

[Omit any two of the following.] 

2. Translate Eclogue IV., 26-33. 

Why are these poems sometimes called " Bucolics ?" Why 
" Eclogues ?" 

3. Translate Georg. II., 136-144. 

What is the allusion in tauri spir antes ignem ? 

4. Translate ^En. IX., 226-233. 

Give in brief the episode of Nisus and Euryalus. 

5. Translate Ovid, Met. II., 319-328. 

Give the story of Phaethon. When and where did Ovid die ? 

(Latin at Sight.) 

M. Atilius Regulus, cum consul iterum in Africa ex insidiis captus 
esset, duce Xanthippo Laced^monio, imperatore autem patre Hannibalis 
Hamilcare, juratus missus est ad senatum, ut, nisi redditi essent Poenis 



l6 YALE COLLEGE. 

captivi nobiles quidam, rediret ipse Karthaginem. Is cum Roman venis- 
set, utilitatis speciem videbat, sed earn, ut res declarat, falsam judicavit : 
quie erat talis: manere in patria, esse domi suse cum uxore, cum liberis ; 
quani calamitatem accepisset in belio, communem fortunte bellicae judi- 
cantem, tenere consularis dignitatis gradum. Itaque quid fecit ? In sen- 
atum venit, mandata exposuit : sententiam ne diceret, recusavit ; " quam 
diu jure jurando hoslium teneretur, non esse se senatorem." 

(Latin Composition.) 

While Xenophon was making a sacrifice he learned that the elder of 
his two sons, Gryllus by name, had fallen in battle. He then inquired 
how he had died. When he was told that he fell while fighting most 
bravely, he declared that he felt greater joy at the bravery of his son 
than grief at his death. 

(Roman History.) 

1. Give an account of Rome's wars with Pyrrhus. 

2. What was Rome's first province, and how did it come into her 
possession ? 

3. Sketch the career of Tiberius Gracchus. 

4. By what means did Augustus become Emperor.? 

GREEK. 

(Greek Grammar.) 
[All Greek words to be written with accents.] 

1. Decline throughout rifi?/, 6upov, jevog, the pronoun av, and the nu- 
meral eig. 

2. Give the synopsis (z'. e. first form in every mode) of the ist aor. act. 
of areTilu, the 2d aor. mid. of Tid^r/fii. 

3. Analyze "kvdeirjoav. 

4. What sort of pronouns are o(Of and oaog ? Give the demonstra- 
tive and interrogative pronouns corresponding. 

5. What is hiatus, and what means are used in Greek to avoid it? 

6. Give some rules, with examples, of euphonic change in consonants. 
What consonants may end a Greek word ? 

7. Give a list of prepositions that take one case only. 

8. Explain, with Greek examples, the terms enclitic, cognate accusa- 
tive, objective gejiitive, supplemoitary participle. 

9. With what parts of the verb is the particle hv not used ? 

(Greek Composition.) 
[All Greek words to be written with accents.] 
I. Cyrus with his army was besieging this city. And of the citizens 



YALE COLLEGE. IJ 

some wished to surrender(i) it,' but otiiers spoke against(2) it. Cyrus 
therefore said that when he had taken the city, he should do well by(^) 
those who spoke against surrender and exile(*) the others. 

(') TvapaSldu/ui. Q) avTiMju. 

(") sv TTOielv. 

2. If the general had wished to go, the soldiers would have followed 
(him). 

3. Let us march as quickly as possible to the river that we may em- 
bark upon the boats which Cyrus has given us. 

Anabasis. 

1. Translate Xen. Anab. I., 4., 8. 

Whaf distinction does Xen. here make between (nrodidpacKu and 
aTro(pEvjo) } Why does he use fid and not v^ before rovgdeovg? Rule for 
mode in ^rapy'} Where is Iuvtuv found, and from what verb .^ For what 
longer form does Kadovg stand ? At what point in the march did this 
desertion take place ? 

2. Translate Xen. Anab. II., 3.,io. 

Why is there an article with 66pv and none with paKTrjpiav ? Explain 
mode in Sokolt], and mode and tense in siraKjev av. What sort of pro- 
noun is avrSg as here used } Tell what is known of life and death of 
Klearchos. 

3. Translate Xen. Anab. III., 5. ,7. 

What was the ordinary length of the Greek spear ? Construction of 
Tov (idOovg, of fiiodSv, of otov ? For what longer form does otov stand ? 
Explain the mode in 6eoito. How may the gender of a. be accounted 
for.? 

4. Translate Xen. Anab. IV., 6., 17. 

Explain the mode in Senrvr/ffufiev. Present and perfect of KaTa'Aeipdfievog ? 
Relation of tOvtuv, of vf-lv} How did Xenophon come to be in com- 
mand ? Who else was associated with him ? 

[This may be substituted for 3 and 4 above.] 

5. Translate Hdt. VI., 104. 

Make a list of the Ionic forms in this passage, adding in each case 
the Attic form, with accents. Where was Imbros ? Construction of eavrov, 
of Tvpavvidog. 

Homer's Iliad. 
I. Translate Iliad I., 292-303. 
Make a list of all the Homeric forms in this passage, giving in each 



1 8 YALE COLLEGE. 

case the corresponding Attic word with accents. Where is Trepirjaai found, 
and what in the form itself shows it? Give the presents o{ vnei^ofiai, 
rceiaeadai, CKpeleade. 

2. Translate Iliad II., 188-197. 

Write out a metrical scheme of the sixth line, accounting for the 
quantity of each syllable. Point out the metrical peculiarity in the ninth 
line. Give the Attic form of etreeaatv. Explain the accent on wf. 

3. Translate Iliad III., 146-153. 

Point out the irregularity of syntax in the third line. Give the Attic 
form for rerTiyecxaiv. What is the first foot of the seventh line .'' What 
two forms of the same word in this passage.? 

Greek at Sight. 

[Hermogenes explains who liis friends are of whom he is proud.] 

ix To'jTO'j sItzs r^c" "<70v if>jov, CO ' Ep/jtoysus^, Xsytoj zs zoh^ 
(p'tloo^ olzcvsz ^loc xac imdsrxpuua: a>^ jikya re buvavrat xac oui) 
k-cueAovzat, %va doxrj(; dcxolcoq e7V ohzolc, fxija ifpovzivT ''Ouxoou 
uj:; fj-kv y.o.l " EXXyjvzc: xal [:idp6apot zouq d-eoix; ^jouvzac Tzduza 
ecoiua: zd zs ouza xal zd [le/lovza s.udTjXov.{^') Tiuaac yo'ju o.l 
TzoXtcz xal rrduza zd idvfj ocd iw.vztxyiZ enepiozcoac zbh(; dsoh^ z't re 
yprj xal zi ou ' yjirj ~ocecv. xal pvju ozc vofxi^oiisu je d'jva.a&ac 
a.'jzouz 'xo.l eu xa.l xaxcoq Tzocelv xal zouzo aa.(pi(;.{^) Trrivrsc jow 
a.lzo'bvza.t robe "d^zoh^ zd. pkv tpaJjAa o.TZOzpeTzecv z-dya.d^d oh dtdbvai. 
ohzoi zolvuv Oi Ttduza pku scdozs:^ Tzduza ok dovdpLzvoc O-eol ouzto 
poc (f'uoc ecalv&aze ocd zb i7:!/j.s?,s7a&ac poo outtozs ?.ijd-co(^) auzob:: 
ouzs poxzbz 01J&' Tjpepaz oud-^ otto: du bppcopac ood^ ozc dlv pirAco 
Tzpdzzscu. ocd dk zb Tzpozcdiuac xai 6 zc i^ kxdazou aTzoSrjaezac 
(Trjpaivouai poc TikpTzovzeQ djykXou;; (prj paq xal ivu7TVca{^) xal ouovob:; 
a zs dec xal d 00 yp-q Ttocecv, ol;; i.jco ozav phv Tzdd^copac, obdk~ozk 
poc ptzapkXec'Yjd-f) ok tvozs xal dizcazrjaaz ixoXdad-qv!\^^ 

(') Sc. idTL. (-') ■^Aav&dvid. (3) dreams, (f) I have been punished. 

. (Greek History.) 

1. Give a brief account of Aristeides, and of Brasidas. 

2. What is meant by the period of tyrants in Greek History ? De- 
scribe the rise and overthrow of some one of them. 

3. Describe the formation of the first Athenian confederacy and the 
process of its change into an empire. 

4. Mention principal battles (with dates) of Alexander's invasion of 
Asia. What motive did he claim to have for his attack on the Persian 
king.? WIi.it were results of his career.? 



YALE COLLEGE. 19 

ALGEBRA. 

1. Free from negative exponents the expression {^a-^d'^x-*)-^. 

X ' 2 JIT —— I C 

2. Reduce to its lowest terms the fraction -' . 

x^ + io.r + 2i 

3. Factor w^ — 2H^+n, x^ — t, x^ — w^j/-, and x^ +jj/^. 

4. Make the deiuimiiiator rational of — _-! — -— . 

4/5— V2 

5. Multiply y;^2+l/^3by Vx' + 2—V~2,- 

6. Solve 1_1^±}. = L. 

X X 2 4 

7. Solve i-^— -^-^=153. 

8. By the Binomial Theorem expnnfl to four terms, 

I 



Vn — x^ 
9. Sum the infinite series 1+ — _[. — + etc. 

, EUCLID. 

r. To describe a parallelogram that shall be equal to a given tri- 
angle, and have one of its angles equal to a given rectilineal angle. 

2. If a straight line be bisected, and produced to any point, the Square 
on the whole line thus produced and the square on the part of it pro- 
duced, are together double of the square on half the line bisected and of 
the square on the line made up of the half and the part produced. 

■ 3. A given angle BAC is bisected ; if CA is produced to G, and the 
angle BAG is bisected, prove that the two bisecting lines are at right 
angles. 

ARITHMETIC. 
I. Divide / A„f_5_„f \w^ 3t ^nd add the quotient tO-±_-L, 

\^4° 16° 2J°y5^v 4 15 



2. Find 4/— > to three decimal places. 
^ 21 



3. Find, to three decimal places, the number which has to 0.649 
the same ratio which 58 has to 634. 

4. A man bought a piece of ground containing 0.316 A, at 53 cents 
a square foot ; what did he pay for the piece ? 

5. A grocer buys sugar at 18 cents a kilo, and sells it at i cent per 
50 grams. How much per cent, does he gain ? 



CORNELL. 

[Requirements for admission : English Gi-amtnar and Composition, Po- 
litical and Physical Geography. Elementary Physiology (exclusive of 
nervous system and names of bones and muscles). Mathematics. Chav- 
venet's Elementary Geometry, Bks. I-V., Elementary Algebra, first 
twelve sections of Loomis, Arithmetic complete. Greek. One hundred 
pages of any Attic prose, Easy Greek at sight. Prose Composition, Iliad, 
Bks. I-III., and Greek History. Latin, Cassar, Bks. I-IV. , Eclogues 
and ^Eneid Bks. I-VI., Cicero, six oi-ations. Easy Latin at sight. Prose 
Composition, Outlines of Roman History and Ancient Geography.] 

i88i. 

ENGLISH. 

1. Embody in a connected account the following partictilars : («) 
name in t\ill, (p) birth-place, {c) age, {d) school or schools where fitted, 
{e) intended course of study, (/") purpose in seeking a college educa- 
tion. 

2. Why '.s a verb inflected } 

3. Use better, in an example, as {a) a verb "; {p) an adjective ; {c) 
an adverb. 

4. State the two principal uses of the compound personal pronouns. 

5. In what respect does zvhich, as an interrogative, differ from who 
and what ? 

6. How can an adjective be turned into a descriptive clause.'' 

7. State when shall, and when will, is to be used as an auxiliary in 
the first person. 

8. How are progressive forms in the present and preterite made? 

9. Mention the principal classes of subordinating conjunctions, and 
give an example of each class. 

10. Distinguish between the same word used as an adverb and as a 
conjunction. 

11. Write out a complex sentence, with a subordinate clause in the 
past tense, indicative mode, underlining the clause. 

12. Explain the use oi/ew and a few ; elder and older ; latter and 
later ; a thojisafid men ; many a ma?i. 

13. What kinds of nouns have no singular .-* 

14. Parse the following : Which of these do yoic want? 



CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 21 

15. Explain the meaning of the following terms: impersonal, indi- 
rect object, genitive, gerund, compleineftt, finite, orthoepy, distributive' 
analysis, predicative, factitive, augmentative. 

16. Write out corrrectly the following sentences; («) Never was a 
man so leased or suffered half so much uneasiness as I have done to- 
day, {p) How will we know who is the greatest of the two ? {c) I, and 
not they, am to remain, {d) Either one of the four first in the class 
were good scholars, (e) I never have, nor never will attack him. (/) 
Scarcely was Elizabeth seated on the throne, than she began to feel the 
alarming embarrassments of her position, {g') Four months interest are 
due. ill) Nothing need be said so firmly, and nothing oftener than this. 

17. State reasons for making any change in writing out preceding 
sentences. 

18. Write out in prose the following verses, making complete gram- 
matical sentences, supplying all ellipses, and changing inversions : 

" Heaven witness, 
I have been to you a true and humble wife. 
At all times to your will conformable : 
Ever in fear to kindle your dislike, 
Yea, subject to your countenance ; glad, or sorry. 
As I saw it inclined. When was the hour, 
I ever contradicted your desire. 
Or made it not mine too ? What friend of mine. 
That had to him derived your anger, did I 
Continue in my liking.'' Nay, gave notice 
He was from thence discharged?" 

19. Analyze the following : ^ 

" Wisely and slow : they stumble that run fast." 

GEOGRAPHY. 

1. Draw an outline map of North America. 

2. Name the five grand divisions in the order of their size. 

3. Between what parallels of latitude does Russia lie ? What are its 
climate, population, productions 1 

4. Bound Italy and name its capital. 

5. State the positions of Algiers and Tunis, with the character and 
number of the population. 

6. Name the three great rivers of South America. 

7. Describe the great mountain system of the Western Continent. 

8. Describe the Desert of Sahara. 

9. Which is further north — New York or Paris .^ Washington or 
Madrid } San Francisco or Hong Kong ? 

10. What is meant by the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn ? The 
Arctic circle? The Antarctic circle? 



22 CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 

ir. What is the Arctic current ? How caused ? What becomes of 
it ? 

12. What are the trade winds and how are they caused ? 

13. How could one sail by the shortest route from Rio Janeiro to St. 
Petersburg ? 

14. What States would a right line between Portland, Me., and 
Portland, Oregon, cross ? 

15. In coasting between Charleston, S. C, and the Columbia river, 
what countries would you pass on the right? 

ELEMENTARY PHYSIOLOGY. 

r. Give diagrams of the teeth on one side of the lower jaw. State 
their names and uses. Give diagranj of a longitudinal section of a simple 
tooth, with names of its parts. 

2. Give outline diagram of the neck and trunk, with names of the 
regions. Insert outline of alimentary canal, with names of its parts, and 
siiow relative position of the stomach and diaphragm. 

3. What is the diaphragm.? Give outline diagram indicating condi- 
tion of diaphragm before and after inspiration. 

4. State digestive actions of pancreatic juice. Which of them is 
peculiar ? Name some uses of the liver. 

5. Of what is the heart chiefly composed .'' Give diagram of left 
side of heart, showing relative thickness of walls, the position of the ves- 
sels, and valves, and naming all the parts. Give diagram of cross-section 
of heart about midway between base and apex. 

ARITHMETIC. 

1. Define: an abstract number, prime factors, quotient, mixed num- 
ber, cube root, 'percentage, bank discount, compound interest. 

2. Get sum of five, five tenths, thirty-seven thousandths, one thou- 
sand millionths, XIX, MDCCCLX, XXI, .18. 

3. Find all the common divisors of 225, 2025, 8100. 

4. Divide |- of 91 by h-2- of 637. 

5. What is the amount at comp. interest of $500 for 2 y. 6 m. at 7 
per cent..'* 

6. Get square root of 530 to tiiree decimal places and give reasons 
for the several steps in the work. 

7. Give common and metric table of liquid measure. 

8. How many litres in 10 gal. 3 qt. i pt. 3 gil., the gallon being 231 
cu. in. and tiie metre 36.37 in. 

PLANE GEOMETRY. 
I. Define: an axiom, a point, a right angle, two parallel lines, a 



CORNELL UNIVERSITY. " 23 

polygon, the apothegm of a regular polygon, a circle, a tangent to a cir- 
cle, the area of a surface, a commensurable ratio. 

Draw an obtuse angled triangle; then draw the three altitudes, 
taking the three sides of the triangle in turn as bases. 

2. If two sides of one triangle be respectively equal to two sides of 
another, but if the included angle in the first be greater than the in- 
cluded angle in the second triangle, the third side of the first triangle 
is greater than the third side of the second. 

3. A straight line perpendicular to a radius at its extremity is tangent 
to the circle, and conversely. 

4. In any triangle, if a straight line be drawn from the vertex to the 
middle of the base, then : 

(i) The sum of the squares of the two sides is equal to twice the 
square of half the base increased by twice the square of the medial line. 

(2) The difference of the squares of the two sides is equal to twice 
the product of the base by the distance from the middle of the base to 
the foot of the perpendicular from the vertex to the base. 

5. The area of a trapezoid is equal to the product of its altitude by 
half the sum of its parallel sides. 

If the area of a trapezoid be 80 square yards, the perpendicular 4 
yards, and one of the parallel sides 15 yards; what is the other parallel 
side ? 

6. To construct the mean proportional between two lines. 

ALGEBRA^ 

1. Define: known and unknown quantities, positive and negative 
quantities, addition, a common multiple of two or more numbers, a radi- 
cal, an equation, a theorem. 

2. Resolve m'^—n-^ into three prime factors. 

3. Reduce the fraction y(-y"+-'^7+:'M_ to an equivalent fraction 

\/{x—y) 

having a rational denominator. 

4. Divide ^r+jz-f-^-— 3 « ^^^ by xl +7J + zl. 

5. For $8 I can buy 2 lbs. of tea, 10 lbs. of coffee, and 20 lbs. of 
sugar, or 3 lbs, of tea, 5 lbs. of coffee, and 30 lbs. of sugar, or 5 lbs of 
tea, 5 lbs. of coffee, and 10 lbs. of sugar. What are the prices ? 

6. Solve the equation 

ax — b a bx bx — a 

432 3 



24 CORNELL UNIVERSITV. 

7. Solve the equation .v-|-5 -j- |/(.v-l-5)=6, giving all the roots. 

8. Solve the equation 

x-\-a .V — 2a 
+ = I, 



x — 2a X + a 

and get the sum, and the product, of the two roots. 

LATIN. 

1. Translate Cassar, B. G., V., 9. 

Give reason for mood and tense of consedtssejit, esseni ; for case of 
navibzis (before essent), navibus (before quod). Give principal parts of 
cognovit and verittis, and inflect the former in future indicative active, 
the latter in imperfect subjunctive. What is the positive of the adverb 
in z tins ? 

2. Translate Virgil, Eel. X., 70-77. 

Who was Gallus, and what his fate? 

Where did pastoral poetry originate.? 

How is the tense of venit to be determined ? 

3. Translate /Eneid, IV., 23S-244. 

Who is ille? What is the special name of this virga? Explain 
derivation of imperio, talaria, rapido, flainine, giving prefix, root, and 
ending employed to form stem from root, with meaning of each of these 
parts. 

Give principal parts oi parere and parabat, and mark quantity of 
each syllable. Write out last two verses above, dividing into feet and 
marki-ng caesuras, and give rules for length of all penultimate and final 
syllables. Indicate by English spelling the Roman pronunciation of the 
verse di'xerat, etc. 

4. Translate Cic. in Cat. III., 28. 

Of what kind is the condition szverierz'i? Explain mood and tense 
of bibeat ? 

What two opinions were advocated in the senate (fourth oration) in 
regard to the punishment of the conspirators, and by whom were these 
opinions represented? Which did Cicero support? 

5. Translate at sight : — 

[Sulla is accused by Torquatus, the son of a foimer rival, of complicity in the 
conspiracy of Catiline.] 

Hie tu epistulam meam saepe recitas, quam ego ad Cn. Pompeium 
de meis rebus gestis et de summa re publica misi, et ex ea crimen aliquod 
in P. Sullam quaeris ; et si furorem incredibilem biennio ante conceptum 
erupisse in meo consulatu scripsi, me hoc demonstrasse dicis, Sullam in 
ilia fuisse superiore conjuratione De quo etiam si quis dubitas- 



CORNELL UNIVERSITY. 25 

set antea num id, quod tu arguis, cogitasset, interfecto patre tuo consulem 
descendere Kalendis lanuariis cum lictoribus, sustulisti hanc suspicionem, 
cum dixisti hunc, ut Catilinam consulem efficeret, contra patrem tuum 
operas et manum comparasse. 

Explain construction oi scripsi, diibitasset, descendere, biennio. 

GREEK. 

[Translate any two of the following passages, and answer all the questions. 
Write all Greek words with their proper accents.] 

1. Xenophon, Anab. IV., 3.20. 

Give nom., ace. and gen. sing, of dKevav, opeaiv, xs'i-pac. Principal parts 
of opuvreg, uxovto, kiridpafielv, (pevyecv} On what root is ■&aTTov formed and 
how ? Compare bXcyovg, ■KoTCkoi. 

2. Xenophon, Hellenica II., 2.16. 

Decline tiSuq, ttIeIu through the sing. Give first ten cardinal numerals 
in Greek. 

By whose advice were the Long Walls of Athens built? What pur- 
pose did they serve .^ By whom were they finally restored ? 

3. Xenophon, Lacedeemonian Const., VII., r. 

4. Write in Greek : — 

[Most of the Greek words may be found in the second prose-passage above.] 
The Athenians would not have sent Theramenes, if they had sup- 
posed that he would stay three months with Lysander. For they knew 
their provisions were likely to fail them in that time. 

5. Translate Iliad, II., 474-483. 

Where formed (tense, mood, voice), and from what verbs, are /ii-yeuoiv 
and aypofiEvr/atv ? Give their Allz'c forms. 

6. Translate II., III., 191-202. 

Explain accent of £>c (6). Scan last two lines. 



26 



AMHERST. 

[Requirements for Admission: The College permits the student to 
choose one of two courses in Latin and Greek. The following requirerrients 
have been selected as the least difficult: Greek, Grammar, Prose Composition 
(Jones's), Anabasis, IV Books, Iliad, III Books. Latin, Grammar, Prose 
Composition (Hkness.), Seven Orations of Cicero, including the Pro Lege 
Manilla, .^neid, VI Books, Caesar Books I-IV., Eclogues of Virgil and the 
first two Georgics. Mathematics: Arithmetic Complete; Algebra through 
Quadratics, including Radicals, Geometrical and Arith. Progressions, Binomial 
Theorem, and Proportion; Plane Geometry. English : Composition and Cor- 
rection of false S3'ntax. French : Keetel's Elementary Grammer. Ancient 
History and outlines of Gk. and Roman Geog.] 

(1882). 
GREEK. 

1. Translate Iliad L 245-253. 

2. Translate Iliad II. 1-7. 

3. Translate Iliad III. 320-327. 

4. Write the nom. sg-. of rjloiai., iieliTog. Decline in Attic forms 
dvepeg, -oXeag, VTjvaiv, iwea. ^ 

5. Compare yAvKiuv, dpicjTr/, Kvdcare, /ueyiars. 

6. Using Attic forms, (a) Inflect ^aro, p'eev (with contractions), 
Tpd(pEv, k-ysvovTo : ((^) Synopsis of (3d?ie, rpdipev, ejevovto, edr]Kev (includ- 
ing- sec. aor. forms), 66g, Svvai : (c) Principal parts of (pdro, ^dle, eyh- 
ovTo, ixe, (paivETo. What is the tense and the analysis of the form E(l>av ? 

7. Name the enclitics in the second passage ; and account for the 

accent of rf' (2) and ett' (6). 

8. State the derivation, and the force of the derivative suffixes, of 
n^AeW^f, Gicf/TTTpov, ETEpu'&Ev, dyopT/Tf/g, (j)i?i6Tf}Ta ; the composition oiySvETv^^j 
iTnTOKopvarai, ■jravv'uxioi, 'AyafiEjUvopt, dEpaiirodEq. 

9. Syntax of ipMioi, rolai, fiiXiTog, rw (6), ol (7). 

10. Write any four lines metrically divided. 

1 1. Where were Pylus and Ida ? Give a short analysis of Book III. 

(ANABASIS). 

I. Translate Anab. I. 3. ,8. 
Anab. II. 3.,iS. 
Anab. III. i.,43. 
Anab. IV. 2., 18.19. 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 2/ 

2. Syntax of every genitive and infinitive ; and give exact meaning of 
every preposition here found with a genitive. 

3. Put into Greek : And Menon also after having taken his javelins 
into his hands, mounted his horse. — On the following day, Cyrus sent for 
your soldiers to come to him. For Cyrus had been appointed general in 
place of his brother. I asked what they were doing ; and he replied that 
they were riding at full speed. If any one had gone into the city, what 
would he have suffered ? He answered that if you had not come, we 
should be marching. 

LATIN. 

1. Translate Csesar B. G. 

2. State how much Csesar you have read and reviewed. 

3. Give the principal parts of cognoscettda, 7'evertatur, proficiscitttr. 
and trajectus. 

4. Explain all the sicbjwictives in the above passage. 

5. When is ^?/!(7^ followed by the subjunctive } 

6. Translate Cicero. 

7. State how much Cicero you have read and reviewed. 

8. Explain the difference in the use of gratia with the verbs agere, 
habere and referre. 

9. Explain the use of the ablative case in i/erbis, viriute, jitre and 
consiliis. 

(For Translation at Sight). 

10. At enim haec ita commissa sunt ab isto, ut non cognita sint ab 
hominibus? Hominem arbitror esse neminem. qui nomen istius audierit, 
quin facta quoque ejus nefaria commemorare possit ; ut mihi magis 
timendum sit, ne multa crimina praetermittere, quam ne qua in istum 
fingere, existimer. Neque enim mihi videtur haec multitudo, quae ad 
audiendum convenit, cognoscere ex me causam voluisse, sed ea quae 
scit, mecum recognoscere. 

(Virgil). 

1. Translate ^neid, IV. 129-142. 

2. Divide lines 2, 7, 8, 9 into feet and mark place of cassural pause 
in each. 

3. Write out rule or rule and exception, for the quantity of syllables 
whose Vowels are in italics: as, Oc^anum, z'nterea, Az^rora, port/s, jubare, 
\a\.o, equztes, od^ra, pr/mi. 

4. Write rule for quantity of final vowels ; of i and e in the incre- 
ments of "conjugation. 



28 AMHERST COLLEGE, 

5. State the outline of Bk. IV., and how the passage selected is re- 
lated to it. 

6. Translate Eclogue II., 27-39. 

7. Translate Georgics, 287-296. 

(Latin Composition). 
Translate into Latin : — 

Rome was saved by a man of the greatest wisdom, — Cicero. Hav- 
ing been elected consul at a time when the state was in extreme peril, 
he did everything possible for the sake of defending the city. First of 
all, ambassadors were sent to Csesar to say that the conspirators had left 
the city for the camp of Manlius, and that Catiline had been made leader. 
Then, he asked the senators what they thought ought to be done. The 
citizens were ordered to defend the temples of the gods and their own 
homes. All these things which had been commanded were done promptly 
and bravely. There were some who seemed uninterested, but the greater 
part were eager to aid the consul. Pompey, Scipio, and Csesar conquered 
the enemy in two battles, and having persuaded them to surrender, at 
length freed the state from danger. The soldiers, to whom the safety 
of their country was dearer than life, were worthy of the highest praise. 
A vote of thanks (gratis) to Cicero was passed (ago) in the most honor- 
able words because the republic had been delivered from the greatest 
perils by his wisdom and prudence. Then Pompey was deservedly 
praised, whose assistance the consul had employed. A thanksgiving was 
decreed to the immortal gods on Oct. 21st, which was celebrated at 
Rome with great rejoicinp;. 

ANCIENT HISTORY. 

1. Divisions of Greece. 

2. Physical character of Attica. 

3. Occasion and main events of the Persian War. 

4. Work and character of Pericles. 

5. Epaminondas. 

6. Physical character of Italy. 

7. Situation of Etruria and Latium. 

8. Occasion of the First Punic War. 

9. Marius and Sulla. 
10. Augustus. 

(ENGLISH). 
Write a composition on one of the following subjects: — 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 



29 



1. The occasion, argument, character and result of Othello's defence 

before the Duke of Venice and his council. 

2. A description of the gaol in which the Vicar of Wakefield was 

confined, and of his life during his imprisonment. 

3. The character of lago. 

4. Correct the following sentences : — 

(a). One's education always influence their opinions, 
(b). •' Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." 
(c). " I have a mind to inquire after one thing, — the which you can 
easily satisfy me in." 

(d). The library should have been catalogued. Its omission makes 
the books most entirely useless. 

(e). We all planned to have gone home in the evening, but the 

shower surprised us before sunset, and each one got away as 

quick as they possibly could, 
(f). It was quite a ways to the city, and the troops tired before 

entering it. 
(g). There were thirteen persons set at the table, and some argued 

misfortune from this event, yet it was requested that none 

would leave their seats during dinner, 
(h). There were some ten or twelve agriculturalists who awarded the 

prizes. 

ARITHMETIC. 

(i.) Give the rule for dividing one vulgar fraction by another. Give 
the reason of the rule and illustrate by an example. 

(2.) What part of ;^ of a rod is | of an inch. 

(3.) How many feet in a fence enclosing an acre in the form of a 
square ? 

0.1 X 0.002 

(4.) Find the value of 1- |. 

o.coof X 200 

(5.) How many cords of wood can be put into a space 20.5 feet long, 
12.75 feet wide, and 7.6 feet high ? 

(6.) Find the square root of 0.8 to 3 places. 

(7.) What is the present worth of $678.75, due 3 years 7 months 
hence, at 7^. per cent. ? 

(8.) If 16 horses consume 84 bushels of grain in 24 days, how many 
bushels will suffice 32 horses 48 days ? 

[Note. — The examination in Plane Geometry is conducted orally.] 



30 AMHERST COLLEGE. 

ALGEBRA. 

-)--« — j/'-w 

(i.) Reduce to its lowest terms. 

(2.) Find a number of two digits such that it shall be equal to 7 times 
the sum of its digits, and ii 27 be subtracted from the number, the digits 
will be inverted. 

(3.) Reduce 4 4/2—6 4/8 + 10 4/32 to its simjjlest form. 

(4.) Extract the square root of 81 a^ -^'-^ jf ^'-i. 

(5.) Solve the equation 3 x" — 4 -r=i 19. 

(6.) Form a quadratic equation whose roots shall be — 3 and — 2. 

(7.) Solve the equations, VaT ,i' 

^' -' ^ ( X -|-.l^/=IO. 

(8.) What proportions may be derived from the proportion a:b:\c:d? 
(9.) Find the sum of the first n odd numbers i + 3 + 5 • • • 2« — i. 
(10. )Whatis the sum of the [infinite descending series -J-l- F 2 + i^ 
+ etc,? 

(i I.) Give the first four terms of (i -|- 2 .t")« . 

FRENCH. 

1. Give the rule respecting the pronunciation of final consonants. 

2. What nouns take .r in the' plural ? 

3. Give the feminine form of bon, iioiiveaux, sec, doux, faux. 

> 4. State the distinction between the possessive adjectives and the 
possessive pronouns, and give examples of each. 

5. Give the primitive tenses (principal parts) of couvrir, devoir, 
ecrire, lire, nattre, savoir, teiiir, and conjugate the present tense of each 
verb. 

6. Synopsis oifinir, simple tenses. 

II. Translate into French : — 

I was giving ; he gave ; they will give ; he might have given ; let us 
give. Has your brother taken a walk this morning? He has not taken a 
walk, for he did not go to bed titl eleven o'clock, and he has not yet risen. 
What time is it now ? It is a quarter past eight. His sister needs some 
money, will you lend her some ? I would lend her some if I had any. Do 
you think of your friends ? I think of them. When did Charlemagne 
die? He died on the twenty-eighth of January, 814. Peter the Great 
died at St. Petersburgh the eighth day of February, 1725. 

III. Translate into English : — 

II y a trcs-longtemps que nous ne nous sommes vus. Nous nous 
promenions tous les jours sur les boulevards. J'ecrivis chez moi le lende- 



AMHERST COLLEGE. 3I 

main de mon arrivee a Paris. Puisque vous le desirez je remettrai ce 
voyage a demain. Je suis content pourvu que vous le soyez. II y a des 
iiommes qui sont toujours niecontents. Dans une bataille ou les boulets 
ennemis volaient autour de lui, Napoleon s'ecria : Le boulet qui doit me 
tuer, n'est pas encore fondu. Si vous etes vertueux vous serez aimes et 
estimes de tout le monde. 



32 



WILLIAMS. 

[Requirements FOR Admission: Greek. Anabasis, I.-IV. ; Iliad, I., II.; 
Prose. Composition; History; Grammar. Latin. Czesar, I.-IV.; Cicero, seven 
orations; Virgil, Georgics and yEneid, I.-IV.; Prose Composition; Grammar; 
History. Mathematics. Arithmetic, complete; Algebra to Quadratics; Loo- 
mis's Geometry, I.-IV. English Gi-ain/nar. Ancient and iModern Geography.'] 

: ENTRANCE EXAMINATION. 
1882. 
Greek. 

1. Translate Iliad, II.. 212-223. 

Write out two lines to show feet and caesura. 

2. Translate Anab., IV., vi., 16. 

T,. Decline eyw, TtaiSeiav, opog, /cAwttwv, (i'ovaiv. 

4. Give the principal parts of ciko'vu, ettiSeikw/ji, s;\;o), /.afi6dvo).. 

5. Give the synopsis of Elvai. 6enrvr/ao)/uEv, sXaGov, tarai. 

6. Inflect a^iovvrai (giving both uncontracted and contracied forms), 
IdduiJEV, ecrat. 

7. The construction of k'Aettteiv, kiv8vvov, tcJ K?i£'nT0VTi, tovtuv, jiara} 

8. Translate into Greek (a vocabulary of tlie different words being 
given) : — 

But when-now^ they were crossing- the mountains, the peltasts* 
running-ahead-* percejved^ the encampment" of the enemy and did not 
wait-for' tlie hoplites. And the barbarians having heard the uproar* 
did not stand-their-cround," but fled.^" And when the hoplites 
learned'' of tliis, it seemed i)est to them to retire'- to their camp lest'^ 
the barbarians should-attack'-* the guards"* left"' [there]. 

-9. Translate. at sight : — 

(^t ok OTftazicdzai zoze p.ev ds:~uijaapz£^ y.a\ (fuAo-xaq -/.azaazqod,- 
fxsi'Oi y.(u auoy.V)aa6.i).z\'0i tzu.vzo. & ids: ixo{fj.ijdy^<Ta'^. /ji^cxa d^ rjv 
iv fj.i(T(o yjxzcou, irr/^aY^us zcu y.ioazt. A D^oo^ sctzoju zcu hpuadvza 
ozc i~: zfj bow (iTzo/iivuc iu z(y TZfioaSev zou azfazsujuazoc; i^jjei 
/.aocoi' zirj; amp aiizbu UTzr^fJSza^ • fipa.'^ei de ')(^f>6vco uazefiov Xpo- 
(T(hzaz 7:(/.(i7^v dyiov zohz i^co(>o:/o<fO(>ouQ. 

10. Give a brief account (wilh dates) of Pausanias and Lysander; ot 
Miltiades and Pericles. • 



WILLIAMS COLLEGE. 33 

11. Mention the states which successively had a dominating 
nfluence in Greek affairs from 490 to 323 B. C, with the dates. 

12. Where were Sphacteria, Plataea, Aegospotami, Leuctra? For 
what were they famous ? Dates? • 

LATIN. 

1. Translate Cic, pro Arch., 10. 

Explain fully construction of esset. civitate, donaretur, donaret, repu- 
diasset, scriberet. Derivation of epzgramma, vendebatf 

2. Translate Virg. Georg., IV., 88-94. 

3. Translate yEneid, III., 497-505. 

Explain fully the construction of revocaveris, obsit, tied, regnet, 
inaculis, in 2 ; of f iter it, cernam, epiro, maneat, in 3. Mark the metre 
of the last line of 3. What is the suliject of the fourth Georgic? Who is 
the speaker in the third book of the ^neid ? When did Virgil live.'' 

4. What was the first Roman conquest outside of Italy, and when 
was it made? What was their first conquest out of Europe, and when 
was it made ? What was the office of Tribune of the People, and how 
and when was it established ? Tell where each of the following places 
is, and what event of Roman history is connected with it : — Cann«, Her- 
aclea, Zama, Actium, Thapsus, Philippi, Numantia. 

5. Translate at sight, Caesar, B. G., VIII., 49. 

6. Translate into Latin : — 

Csesar wintered in Belgium, in order that the states might be kept in 
friendship. He knew^ how"^ important it was that he ^^ always /r^- 
sent,^ and feared'* that his departure might be the signal^ to the Gauls of 
renewing^ the war. The province was always within'^ a little of revolt- 
ing.^ The Senate decreed'^ that Ceesar dismiss^" his troops. 

I intellegere; 2 quantiinteresse; 3adesse; 4vereri; 5 signum; 6 renovare; 
7 minimum abesse; 8 deficere; g decernere; 10 dimittere. ^ 

ENGLISH. 

I. Write a composition upon one of the following subjects : The S<tory 
of the Caskets ; Shylock ; The Holy Grail. 
II. Criticise the following sentences : — 
I would be foolish, if I did not agree to it, 
I don't remember of having heard it. 
Will we come to-morrow ? 

You must not learn me to remember any extraordinary pleasure. 
He only advised me to go. 
I am not bound to receive any messenger that jou send. 



34 WILLIAMS COLLEGE. 

Before the telescope was discovered, the observance of the heavenly- 
bodies was difficult, and the astronomers often failed to produce complete 
persuasion. 

He did not like him so well as his colleagues. 

I expected to have found him. 

William Shakespeare was the sun among the lesser lights of English 
poetry, and a native of Stratford-on-Avon. 

ARITHMETIC. 

1. Write in figures, nine billions two hundred millions forty thousand 
and seven. 

2. What is the sum of |, g}, and i of f ? 

3. Reduce |4 to a decimal, and extract the square root to three 
places. 

4. What is the interest of $1047.50 from June i, 1875, to June 25, 
1882, at 7 per cent. ? 

5. What must be the length of a bin 1.53 metres wide, and 1.27 
metres deep, to hold 100 hectolitres ? 

GEOMETRY. 

1. Find the sum of all the interior angles of a polygon. 

2. Two parallels intercept equal arcs of a circumference. 

3. In any triangle the square of a side opposite to an acute angle 
equals what ? 

ALGEBRA. 

2 ^ I c 

I. Change to a fraction jr-f- 5 — -'- -. 

2. J^~' 2:lxZ = 3.r — 14. Find the value of x. 

2 3 

3. A boy who runs at the rate of 12 yards per second., starts 20 yards 
behind another who runs 10^ yards per second. How soon will the first 
boy be 10 yards ahead of the second ? 

3 

4. Multiply /^/4fl by |/6.i-. 

5. Find the value of "' to three places of decimals. 

V2 

[Note : The examination in Modern Geography is conducted orally.] 



35 



COLUMBIA. 

[Requirements for Admission : Greek. Three books of the Iliad, 
Four books of the Anabasis, Hadley's Greek Grammar, Greek Prosody, Greek 
Prose Composition (sentences from the Anabasis). — Latin. Four books of 
Csesar's De Bello Gallico, Eclogues of Virgil, Six Orations of Cicero, Six books 
of Virgil's yEneid, Latin Prosody, Prose Composition (sentences from Cicero 
and Ceesar), Harkness's Latin Grammar. — English. Grammar (Quackenbos's), 
Composition (an essay written off-hand during the examination). — Ancient 
History (Greece, Rome, Persia). — Ancient Geography. — Modern Geography. — 
Mathematics. — Peck's Arithmetic complete. Five books of Peck's Algebra, Four 
books of Davies' Legendre. The student must answer fifty per cent, of the 
questions a,sked.] 

I. MATHEMATICS. 

Entrance Examination. 

1. Add together f of f, iJ_ , _L \ , and extract cube root of result. 

2i 9 ' 

2. If 3 men in 16 days of 12 hrs. each build a wall 30 ft. long, 8 ft. 
high, and 3 thick, how many men are required to build wall 45 ft. long, 9 
ft. high, and 6 ft. thick, in 24 days of 9 hours ? 

3. A, B, and C enter into partnership. A puts in^ of the capital, B 
i of the capital, and C the rest. At the end of the yea ''the profits 
amount to $10,440. What is C's share ot the profits } 

4. In the metric system, what is the unit for measuring ordinary 
surfaces, and what is its value in common measure.' Reduce 120 metres 
to cu. ft. 

5. Find least com. mult, of.r^ — i, and x^ -\-x — 2. 

x-v 2x x^-x^y -' 

6. Add —^ , ' — f • 

_y x-y x-^y-y* 

7. Solve the equation | ( .r--^)— i( x-JL)+i( .r-^j=o. 

8. Prove what the sum of 3 angles of a plane triangle are equal to. 

9. Define an Inscribed angle, and prove what its measure equals. 



36 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

10. Prove that similar polygons may be divided into the same number 
'■-'angles similarly situated each to each, and similarly placed. 

Freshman Class. 
1879. 

1. What is the sum of the squares of two sides of a triangle equal to ? 

2. When will two plane triangles be equal in all parts? 

3. When will two plane triangles be similar? 

4. Given a rt. angled triangle, ABC, right angled at B. AC = h and 
AB : BC :: m : n. Find AB and BC. 

5. Find area of octagon inscribed in circle whose radius is i. 

6. Deduce an expression for area of any circle in terms of the 
square of its radius. 

7. What determines the position of a plane? 

8. Any two rectangular parallelopipedons are to each other as the 
products of their three dimensions. Demonstrate. 

9. Give the regular polyhedrons. 

10. Give formulse for Convex Surface and volume of cylinder, cone, 
and frustum of cone. 

11. R = 5. Find S. and V. of a sphere. 

12. Give formulas for area of any zone, volume of any ■ spherical 
sector and volume of any spherical segment. 

13. If two triangles on the same or equal spheres are mutually equi- 
angular, they are also mutually equilateral. Dernonstrate. 

14. Angle of lune=9o° — find L in terms of surface of sphere taken 
as a unit. 

15. In spherical triangle, A=9o'', B=90°, C=30°. Draw polar. 

16. In spherical triangle ABC, A=20°, 6=130°, C = 8o^. Find area 
when radius of sphere = 5. 

17. Give expression for vol. of any spher. wedge. 

18. Give ultimate syllogism to prove that vol. of any pyramid ^rji/^ of 
pioduct of base by altitude. 

19. Why is any section of a sphere made by a plane, a circle? 

20. How many and what quantities does tt represent and what is 
always its numerical value? 

Sophomore Class. 
{Ja)i. 1880.) 

1. Prove what the square of ordinate of any point of a parabola is 
equal to. 

2. Prove that the bisectrix of angle formed by one of the focal lines 
of a point of the ellipse and prolongation of other focal lines, is tangent 
to the curve at that point. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 37 

3. How must conic surface be cut, that the section may be a hyper- 
bola ? Demonstrate. 

4. Find arc whose natural sine is .7432. Find nat. cot. of 58° 19' 40". 

5. In a rt. angled plane triangle, h— 1^2.67 yds.; C = 5o° 18' 32". 
Find a. 

6. In rt. angled plane triangle, 5=103.65; c=ioi.22; solve the 
triangle. 

7., In plane triangle, B=4i° 28'; b = 5o yds.; = 72 yds. How many 
values has C, and why ? 

8. Solve plane triangle in which a=74.85 ; b=:65.84, and = 36.95. 

9. Deduce relations between circular functions of any arc. 
10. Deduce values of sin (a+b) and cos (a-j-b). 

{^Monthly Examination : Feb., 1 880.) 
I. Sin p — sin q sin (p+q) 



sin (p — q) sin p-|-sin q 
Deduce, and demonstrate use. 

2. Name Napier's circular parts. Give rules for circular parts, and 
write out corresponding formulae. 

3. Prove that each side about the rt. angle in a rt. angled spherical 
triangle is of same species as its opposite angle. 

4. Determine when the two sides about the rt. angle in a rt. angled 
spherical triangle are of same and when of difift. species. 

{March, 1880.) 

1. In a rt. angled spher. triangle, given = 29° 46' 08", b=i55° 27' 
54", find a and B. 

2. Deduce value of sin ^ a in any spher. triangle. 

3. Write out both sets of Napier's Analogies and state their use. 

[Final Examination : 1 879, 

1. Deduce values of functions of 2 a. 

sin p — sin q. sin (p+q) 

2. Prove formula = and state its use. 

sin (p — q) sin p-j-sin q 

3. In rt. angled spher. triangle, an oblique angle and side opposite 
being given, deduce rule for determining when there will be two so- 
lutions, one solution, or none. 

4. In a rt. angled spher. triangle, a=86*=' 51'; B = i8' 03' 32", 
Find c. 

5 . Deduce value of sin ]/% a in a spher, triangle. 



38 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

6. In oblique angled spher, triangle, 6=42° 15' 13"; C=i2i° 36' 
12"; a=40° o' 10". Solve triangle. 

7. Deduce rule for finding area of plane triangle when three sides 
are given. 

8. Find entire surface of a rt. pyramid whose slant ht. is 15 ft. and 
its base a pentagon each side of which is 25 ft. 

9. Find vol, of tetrahedron whose edge is 25 yards. 

10. Describe Surveyor's Compass and state its use. 



(Final Examination : i< 

1. In a rt. angled spher. triangle: 

(a). C = i05°i5'; a = 75°3o'; is b gter. or less than 90° .' 
(b). a= ? [gter. or less than 90°] when b=85°4o' and c = 78°22'. 
(c). C = 98°3S'; c=iio°i7'; how many solutions and why.^ 
(d). b— 64.°i8'; B=^70°2o'; how many solutions and why ? 

2. In an oblique-angled sph. triangle : 

(a). A = 5o°i2' ; B = 58°o8' ; a=62°42' : Find b and solve in blank, 
(b). a = 84°i4'29"; b=44°i3'45" C = 36°45'28" : find A and B. 
(c). A=i99°55'42" ; B=[o6°38'33" ; C= i2o°43'37" ; find c. 

3. Deduce rule for area of triangle when 3 sides are given. 

4. Find area of circular seg. whose chord is 12 and R of circle= 10. 

5. Find vol. of pentagonal pyramid, its altitude being 12 ft. and 
each side of base 2 ft. 

6. The Y-level — its construction, adjustment, use ? 

JUNIOR CLASS. 
(Analytical Geometry: 1881). 

1. Find distance from origin to intersection of lines 2j/-)-3.i-4-4 = o 
and 3j'-|— r— 2=0. 

2. Given two circles (.i-— 5)^-|-(;/— 4)''=4 • and (.r— 2)^-(-(x— 1)- = 
I ; find point such that tangent drawn from it to circles shall be of equal 
length. 

3. Show that tangents to any parabola at extremities of a focal chord 
are perpendic. to each other. 

4. Find point from which equal tangents can be drawn to the circles 
(•i--5)'+(>'-4)'=9. (.1-+4 )'+()'- i)' = 2S, and (.1— 7)'^+(j/+3)== ,6. 

5. Find equation of an ellipse referred to its centre. 

6. Find equation of a tangent to the ellipse 3y"+2X' = 35, at a point 
whose abscissa is 2. 

(Mechanics : 1881). 

1. Demonstrate Polygon of Forces. 

2. Deduce rule of finding centre of gravity of a triangle. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 39 

3. Find conditions of equilibrium of elbow-joint press. 

4. Find formula for time of vibration of simple pendulum. 

5. Write out Marriotte's Law and Gay Lussac's Law. 

SENIOR CLASS. 

[The examinations in Astronomy are conducted orally, each student being 
questioned for three minutes. The following will serve as specimens of the 
questions generally asked]. 

[Jtw., 188 1.] 

Explain Axis, Zenith, Nadir. Celestial Horizon, Rational Horizon, 
Sensible Horizon, phenomena of parallel sphere. 
On what does Horiz. Parallax depend .'' 

Deduce formulas p=sin tt; and r=— 

sin TT. 

Give Kepler's three laws, and Newton's laws of motion. 
Give outline of Maskelyne's method of measuring mass of earth. 
[May, 1 881.] 

Explain Bode's Law. Give relative sizes, manners, dis?ances, densi- 
ties etc., of bodies of Solar System. 

Explain Solar spots. Location of faculse. Shape of nucleus. Fila- 
mentary character of penumbra. Periodicity of spots. 

Give an account of variable stars. Temporary stars. Double stars 

Explain Secchi's star-type spectra. 

Give an outline of the probable construction of the heavens. 

n. GREEK. 

(Entrance Examination, 1882.) 

1. Translate (a) Xen. Anab. H. 5. (27, r??' varepaia ad fin.) 

(b) Xen. Anab. IV. 7. (7). 

2. Account for accents of eMuv, 6^Mg, xPVvai. 

3. Write Nom. and Gen. Sing, of Tia:aa<l>Epvei, 'WJiijvuv , Trpoddrag, 
Kandvovq, and bvTag (of this last in all genders). 

4. State where the following forms are found : hMuv, (nvnyyellev, 
XPVvaL, levac, bvrag. Write the principal parts of these verbs, and of 
SiaSdlTiovreg and ri/j.uprj'&^vai.. 

K. Give rules for case of varepaia, olo/ievog, Tcaaa^epvei, ''E.Tikrjvuv, wpodd- 
rag ; and for mood of 6iaKelc-&at, Uvac, £Aey;\;i9-6J(Tf. What is the subject of 
IhaL ? 

6. Compare dfilog and naKdvovg ; also iih/ag and ivolvg. Give general 
rules for comparison of adjectives and adverbs. 



40 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

7. Give rules for mood of ap^^fie'&a, eItj, nopevu/ie^a. Compare &a-Tov. 

8. (a). Translate Iliad Bk. II. 257-261. 
(b). Iliad Bk. III. 216-219. 

9. Write Attic for toi, epeu, to, 'Ochay'i, cj/Lcoimv, TrjTiefidxoio. 

10. Give rules for mood o{ Kixvaojiac, eneir/, dvau. To what word does 
awb belong, and what name is given to this arrangement ? 

ir, ardanEv, l6eaKE, and exeanev where found.'' Give their Attic 
equivalents. 

12. In what metre is the Iliad written? What feet allowed in it, 
with what restrictions? Define hiatus, and mention the principal devices 
for avoiding it. 

13. Write in full the scansion of the first two lines of passage (d), and 
give rules for quantity of each syllable in the first line. 

14. Translate into Greek, ivz^/i accen/s : (i) Let us with the aid of 
the gods rescue ourselves even from these great perils. (2) If any one 
had gone into the city, what would he have suffered ? (3) I asked Menon 
for five months' pay and three thousand soldiers. (4) Cyrus having 
called the soldiers together, spoke these words to them. (5) And now 
it was about full market time, and the place where they intended to halt 
was fifteen fprlongs distant. 

[Freshmen : Intermediate Exam. Odyssey.] 

1. Translate Bk. 6, 25-35. 

2. Explain the use o[ nt-yaTioevTa. To what does line 28 refer? What 
explanation may be offered in defence of line 35 ? 

3. Name the elements of yeivaro, 'iwva'&ai, dyuvrac, xc^'povf^i, io/nev' 
TrXwiovaac, evTvvEai. 

4. Write and scan lines 30-35. 

5. Name the transitive tenses of yeivo/iai, ^aivu, Icttiiii. 

6. Account for the case of ri, avrf/v, av&piiirovQ, (j>aivo/i£v7/<j>iv, ^air/Kuv, 
avTi) . 

7. Translate Bk. 6, 259-69. 

8. Change all dialectic forms of these lines to their Attic equivalents. 

9. Write all admissible Homeric forms for ayopalQ, 'OSvaaeu^, oTij^Eai., 

ro. Give fuller explanation of nvpyog, etcid-fxr/^ kwiaTiov, TIom6>ycov. 

11. What have been the various interpretations of line 267, and what 
recent light on the question ? 

12. Translate Bk. 7,78-90. 

13. Where was Scheria? What difficulty about the mention of 
Marathon, line 80? What explanation ? What peculiarity in the form 
'A\^rjVTiv'> Who was Erechtiieus ? 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 4I 

14. Distinguish between nTjp and aiip and write the genitive of each 
with accent. 

15. What is meant by x^^^i^^ov ovSbvl What is ;i:aAKOf, in Homer? 
What is Kvavog ? 

16. Explain the grammatical relation of the words in line 84. 

17. Translate Bk. 7, 182-198. 

18. Account for the mode of elTra, KaTaKeieTE, ^eiviaao/iev, "iKTjrai, irdd-- 
riCLv, hnidrjusvai. 

19. Give the derivation of /ueX'uppova, enipva, v6/j,v(yev, TjyrjTopeq, KT^ud-eq. 

20. Defend your selection of subject for ecrlv, line 194. How does 
the Homeric conception of the 'KJm'&eq compare with the latter? 

21. Explain ewap^d/uevoq, yspovrag, and illustrate the latter. 

22. Translate Bk. 8, 1 1-23. 

23. What is the peculiarity of Aeir', aye} What is the construction of 
levai ? 

24. Account for the case of ^eivoio, difiag, (iporuv, Ke<f>aA7J, rovg. 

25. Compare ttoUoI, /laKpSrepov, Trdauova, (piTiog, deivog. 

[Final Examination. Herodotus, i88i.] 

1. Name the two principal dialects of the Greek language besides the 
Ionic, with regions in which each of these was spoken. 

2. Mention principal writers using Ionic dialect. Into what periods 
is this dialect divided ? Give approxirnate dates. Which form did Hdt. 
use? Name some points of difference between dialect of Hm. and that 
of Hdt. 

3. In what region v^-as Gk. prose tirst written and what were.chief 
influences which caused its rise ? What collective name applied to 
earliest prose-writers ? Who was most noted of them and his date ? 
Mention any other facts concerning him that you can. ^ 

4. Give succinct acct, of life of Hdt. 

5. How is his history divided ? How are separate divisions named, 
and what is the general subject of his work? 

6. Mention in order the Persian monarchs from establishment of 
empire to the year 425 B.C. In whose reign did the Ionian revolt occur ? 
Dates of beginning and end of this reign ? 

7. Mention chief instigator of revolt, causes which urged him to 
action, and principal cities which revolted. How long did rebellion last, 
and what event practically ended it ? 

8. Relate history of Histi^us as fully as you can. 

9. What four subject nations furnisiied fleet of Persians ? Name 
geographical position of each and of following: Bactra, Susa, Sardis, 
I,ap6u, (modern name what.?); Byzantium, Miletus, Ephesus, Didymi, 



42 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

Branchidae ; Chios, Mitylene, Samos, Naxos, Tenos, Ddos ; Chersonesus, 
Argos, Delphi, JEgina., Eretria, Carystus, Chalcis, Marathon, Plataese, 
Thebai, Sybaris. 

ID. Translate vi., 9. 

ti. Give Attic equivalents for all Ionic forms in first six lines. 

12. Define aTriKaro, 'Apiarayopeu, eavrov, a(pi, Ipd, iaau'&evTeg, e^avdpairo- 
diEvvrai. Explain formation of aniKam. 

13. Account for construction of p) ov yevuvTai, fiij ovk kSvreg (why 
double negatives here ?) tuv apx^uv, sv noLrjaaQ oIkov, dTrocj/^wv. 

14. Translate vi., 94. 

15. Define am'ijTVTo, airode^ag, evTEiTiduevog, and exj^Uiin construction 
of uare dva/Ltc/ivr/CKovTog, cpXavpug Ttprj^avTa t(J aroAu, and t^avdpaivodiaavTac. 

1 6. Who are meant by IiecaicTpaTL6euv,_ and what reason had they 
for this course of action.'' Give a brief account of expedition here men- 
tioned. 

17. Why did Persians single out Eretria for destruction.'' Date of 
second expedition by Darius against Greece ? 

18. Translate vi., iii. 

19. Give literal meaning of ■n-avr/yvpic, and uses of word. What 
English word from corresponding adjective ? Trace development of 
meaning of English word froin that of the Greek ? 

20 What festival is doubtless meant here ? Describe briefly. 

21. What were the duties of Polemarch before battle of Marathon, 
and what at time of Hdt.? Why ten Strategi, and why is Miliiades 
called the tenth.? 

22. Translate into Greek, wz'/// accents : 

He has long been supposing that such misunderstandings might be 
stopped by familiar conversations. 2. They are said to have sung and 
danced, when, conquered in the (well-known) battle, they were retiring. 
3. It will be my care that they cut short their replies and make them 
briefer. 4. If greater numbers shall be collected, much of the army will 
be in danger of destruction. 5. And if, avoiding this, he had not spoken 
of the things done by himself, he would not have been able to refute the 
accusations. 6. They would not say we were the guests of Philip, unless 
it is proper to call those who do anything for hire the guests of those who 
hire them. 

{Special Exaviitiaiion fin- Fres/unan Scholarship in Greek?) 

1. Translate Odys., Bk. VI., 130-4. 

2. With what exactness may this simile be allowed to apply ? Give 
other forms for Ifitv, bleaaiv, e. Account for number of Salerai, change of 
case in [ioval, e/ld^ouf, and cunstiuction of irecp^aovra, eWeiv. 

3. Translate 156-9. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 43 

4. Explain construction of ^vaadvruv, haoLxvevaav, ayayriTai. Exliibit 
formation of aelo and of corresponding Attic. Also of haopduvra, eawsTo, 
eacri, kirEeaai. 

5. Translate 200, and explain use of iirj. Write other particles 
used in questions. 

6. Translate 300-7, 

7. Why the modes ot rfyrjaatro, keklQuol, dieWefiev, iKTjaL, Idecdac ? What 
peculiarity of metre in lines 300-4 ? Give explanation of akindp^vpa. 

8. Translate and explain Bk. VII., 10. 

9. Translate VII., 215-25. 

10. Write 215 as a prohibition. Why tense eirTiero, eadefievac, Eivadov} 
Explain use of ettI in 216 ; ?i'nvov, 224. Why is Kaimp peculiar for Hm. ? 
Why not KaiivEp ? 

Sophomore Class. 
Medea of Euripides. 

1. Give principal events in life of Euripides. 

2. What number of plays ascribed to him ? Name those extant. 

3. What quality ascribed to him by Aristotle and on what ground ? 

4. Give outline of plot of Medea. 

5. By which of the other great dramatists is it treated 1 

6. In what measure is the dialogue ? 

7. Give tabular view of admissible feet. 

8. Why called trimeter.^ 

9. Translate vv. i-io. 

10. Give different modes of expressing a wish. 

11. Where was Colchis? The Symplegades? What and why so 
called ? 

12. What do you supply with i^EdElv — epET/xuaai ? 

13. Explain construction in av £iT?i.EvaE. 

14. Give story alluded to in IlETitddag Kopag. 

1 5. Distinguish n^AetJ^f, Hr/Tiiov, Ile/l/af, Ile/lraf. 

16. Translate vv. 184-198. 

17. Construction of dEpy/aa} use of cnroTavpovvTai with ^. TiEaivjjgl 

18. Protasis to av dfidpToig 7 

19. Translate vv. 213-218. 

20. Explain subjunctive in v. 214. 

21. What explanations have been given of 215-216? 

22. Translate 419-429. 

23. What is to be supplied in 426? 

24. Translate 514-520. 



44 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

25. What to be supplied before ^ in 515? Construction of bru'! 
difference between Sudelv and 6iei6kvai ? trace meanings of x^P^i^^VP- 

26. Translate 551-554. 

27. Explain construction after comparative in 553. 

28. Translate 598-606. 

29. Explain ja/ioma in fem. of active voice. 

30. Translate 672-680. 

31. How may aireipog and a^vyeg be resolved? 

32. Explain accent in T^epi,, use of nara (675) ; what other render- 
ing of 679; explain Trplv av in 680. 

33. Translate 733-738. 

34. What objection to reading fiedelq in 736 ? What other reading 
in 737-9. and what change in meaning.? 

(1882). — Translate into Greek: — 

Do not wonder at his extravagant assertion, but observe with candor 
what he says. • 

Let us not consider that we have been born to our fathers and 
mothers only, but also to our native land. 

They were, not ashamed to declare that we had hindered the city 
from making peace, in addition to having been a cause of the war. 

Memorabilia of Xenophon, (1877). 

1. Give brief outline of life of Xen, with title of works, 

2. Subject of Memorabilia ? Greek name .'* 

3. Translate the first sentence of the Memorabilia. 

4. To what class of words does ending — awf belong.' 

5. For what is tIcl here used ? 

6. What is force of ttote here? Why its accent? 

7. elf] why in optative ? 

8. What was the indictment against Socrat. (in Greek) ? 

9. Translate I. i. 3. from 6 6e ohSev to dvaiatg. 

10. For what is tuv aXkuv here used ? 

11. What is meant by oJwvat?, <l>vfiaig, avjuPoXoic, and Bvaiaig'i 

12. Difference in signif. and govt, between a'P"" and j/9rto//q<, ypa^u 
and ypn<po/iai, neldu and Treldofiai} 

13. Translate I. 10, ti, to f/Kovaev. 

14. Compare ■n-pui; give forms of pres. inf. and imp. indie, of el/il, 
elfic, 'i7}/j.i. 

15. Describe the irepinaToi and yv/uvdaia. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 



45 



16. Why is Tzl-ndovariq ayopaq in genitive? What time of day was it? 

17. Explain genit. ^uKpdrovg TvpuTTovToc. What is ol fSovM/ievoc equiv- 
alent to ? 

18. Translate I. ii. 12. 

19. Who is meant by o Karyyopog} Derivation of word ? 

20. What name often applied to body of which Critias was a mem- 
ber ? 

21. When established in Athens? When and by whom expelled? 

22. Compare TtTieovsKTicyTaTog and give similar forms. 

23. Translate I. vi., 7, to (pepovaiv. 

24. Give construction of (pvcei, cujuari, KpelrTovg, av. 

25. Translate I. ii. 41. 

26. Difference between e'nre and el-rrt ? Why is (pdvai in infin.? Ac- 
count for difference in vocative of HeptK/ieig and I^uKparsg above. 

27. What is force of e^o) with an infin.? What the usage of article 
with proper names ? 

28. Explain av tvxeIv. What the subject and what the force of par- 
ticiple ? 

29. Put the words in form of direct hypothetical sentence. 

30. Translate I. vi. 5. from ^ rijv Siairav to fioi a kyu. 

31. Translate I. iv. 12, 13, and 14 to ttMov ovSev exei. 

32. Why ^6uv in genitive? dvdpuTruv why? ard/uaTag why? On whnt 
does dpdpovv depend ? What is proper subject to e'coi? To what does av 
after l36og belong ? 

33. What form of condition is l^obg av exuv k. t. 1. ? Give it in 
full. 

34. Translate II. i. 21. 

35. Who was Prodicus? Give summary of the (jvjypafj./j.a. 

Examination for Sophomore Scholarship in Gk., 1879. 
Medea of Eicripides. 

1. Give account of Argonautic expedition and trace course of Jason 
from starting place to Colchis. 

2. what is the prologue to a Gk. play ? 

3. The dialogue in what measure ? First address of Chorus in 
what ? Choral songs how divided ? What were most common measures ? 

4. What feet admissible in anapaestic verse ? 

5. What is proper ending of an anapsestic system ? Define it ; what 
common ending of choriannbic system ? 

6. Define iambus, trochee, tribrach, amphibrach, amphimacer 



46 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

molossus, dactyl, cretic, choriambus, bacchius, penthemimeris, glyconic, 
pherecratic. 

7. Define a dochmius and give the usual variations. 

8. Translate and scan vv. 148-159. 

9. Where is aieg found, and what forms of the verb are in use ? 

10. What other reading for evvkrav and on what ground proposed .•' 

It. Translate 819-845. 

12. For what is owhere? Difference between Kav and /cav ? Tense 
of £0vf ? Explain subj. T^^v?. 

13. Explain application of '^pexOeldai. 

14. Different legend of Movaai and use of ^urew? 

15. Translate 11 36-1 140. 

16. Explain periphrasis in first line. 

17. Give forms of ?ja67/fj.ev, and EO-eladat.. 

18. Translate 11 51-1155. 

19. Explain construction of ov fiij, showing to what words the nega- 
tives extend, and of £p> p'/ixv. 

20. Scan 1251-1260 and translate 1251-1270. 

21. Construction of 1268-70. 

22. How many constitute tlie chorus entire, and how divided ? 

23. Translate 1361-1375. 

24. Translate 141 5 to the end. 

25. Of what other plays of Eurip. do these verses form the con- 
clusion ? What is the usual ending of a Gk. tragedy ? 

JUNIOR CLASS. 
Electra of Sophocles. 

1. Give dates of birth and death of Sophocles. 

2. Number of plays ascribed to him and number of first and second 
prizes awarded him ? 

3. Give outline of plot of the Electra. 

4. Translate 42-54. 

5. Explain usage of ov. . ./i?) (42). 

6. Explain forms XP''', odowEKa, Kvltadelg, eararu, e<j>ieTo, np/aivoi. 

7. Derivation or composition o^ rpox'/^aruv, di^puv, Kaparof/oi^, h'^oppov. 

8. Explain allusion in 45 ; describe custom in 52, 

9. Translate 121-127. 

10. Explain construe, of Aya/nt/iivova m 125. 

11. Translate 147-152. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 47 

J 2. Explain story alluded to in 148 and 150-152. 

13. Translate 244-250. 

14. Explain forms it neiaeTai. . Jppot. av. 

15. Translate 387-391, 

16. Translate 563-569. 

17. Subject of eaxe ? KElv7/g why in gen. ? Why not lawful ? 

18. Constructions and renderings possible in 568-9? 

19. Translate 680-687. 

20. Name principal games of Greece, where celebrated, in whose 
honor ? 

21. Length of race course.^ For what is Ta(j)eGei7 

22. Translate 743-748. 

23. How were the horses arranged ? Distinguishing epithets ? What 
implied in KafXTrrovTog 1 What meant by e^ avTvyuv 7 By T/u7]roig l/xam 7 
Describe fully. 

24. Translate loi 7-1020. 

25. Translate 1058-1068. 

CEdipus Coloneus (1881). 

1. Give brief outline of plot of the CEdipus Rex. 

2. Give the plot of CEdipus Coloneus. 

3. Give a brief outline of the plot of the Antigone. 

4. Translate the first Hypothesis ? 

5. How many plays did Sophocles write ? 

6. What improvements did he introduce in dramatic perform- 
ances. 

7. What is meant by the prologue in a Greek play ? in what metre ? 

8. The first address of the chorus usually in what metre ? 

9. What was the chorus, and of whom composed ? 

10. Write out a scheme of iambic trimeter? 

11. What is an anapaest, choriambus, tribrach, cretic, dochmius? 

12. What kinds of verse are scanned by dipodies ? 

13. What is meant by catalectic, acatalectic, brachycatalectic, pen- 
themimeris, logaoedic ? 

14. Translate vv. 36 to 52. 

15. Construction of Trpw (in 36 and 48), tov (in v. 38), t^ew (in 44), 
uv (in 50) ? 

16. Who are meant by EfKjio/ioi d-eai. (39) ? and give the names by 
which they were known. 

17. Give the story of their settlement in Attica. 

18. Translate vv. 311 to 323. 



48 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

19. Construction of wp6cojiTa,viv (314). <l>cj (315 and 317), (patdpd (319), 
opav (322) ? 

20. Explain the allusion in Ahvaiag, Kwrj, Qeaaalig. 

21. Translate vv. 495 to 509. 

22. Explain construction of dw?v kc/coZv (496), apKe'iv (698), the con- 
dition of v. 501, reAoi'CTa, Xpr/arai, tov tSttov. 

23. Compare the characters of Antigone and Ismene as represented 
by Sophocles. 

24. Translate vv. 668 to 693. 

25. What peculiar circumstance attaches to this ode? What place 
is celebrated and to what is the happy condition attributed ? 

26. Translate vv. 835 to 847. 

27 Construction of fiu,uh>ov Xepo/v fiaxe'i ; to what does toi't' (v. 338), 
to whom does vfJ-ek refer.? (v. 847). 

28. Translate vv. 1044 to 1064. 

29. Explain allusion in emaTpo(pai, llvd.aLq, Tia/iiraaiv, Trdrviai, nXyg Itvl 
y/lwcraa , vKpadoq, Oldridog, 

30. Translate vv. 1285 to 1307. 

Protagoras OF Plato. (1882) 

1. Give a brief outline of the life and writings of Plato. 

2. What distribution or classification of the dialogues has been 
made ? 

3. Give a summary of the life of Socrates. 

4. From what sources do we learn his philosophical opinions ? 

5. Give some account of the Greek Sophists as a cla s, and more 
particularly of those introduced in the Protagoras. 

6. Give an outline of the subject of the Protagoras, and especially of 
the positions of the two principal speakers. 

7. Translate Ch. I. 

8. Explain the usage of (palvei, f/ dfjla 61/, ojf . . .e'lpfjadaL and similar ex- 
pressions, ri oh dirryfjau. 

9. Translate Ch. IX. to D. 

10. Explain the construction of yirel nava'v. . . .(in B), and uanep av el 
(in B), and such forms as 'Hpa/cXewrot^, and fill up (in C) what is omit- 
ted in <JTC Trpof ypa<piKi/v. 

11. Translate Ch. XV. to B. 

12. More usual form for tTreiSdv &dTTOv; explain rd /lev iroiei, and idv 

13. Translate Ch. XXi. (334) near bottom of p. 293. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 49 

14. What does hravda (end of B.) refer to ? explain the form 0.2,2: r) ; 
construction of ajUKporciTu, baov /uSvov'} 

15. Translate Ch. XXII., p. 296, first line to end of chapter. 

16. Explain 6o2,ixo6po/iot., i^/nepoSpo/uoi ] construction of £/Uo:wroi). 

17. Translate Ch. XXVI. to D. 

18. What were the subjects of study in the Greek schools for boys? 

19. Give some account of Simonides and of this poem. 

20. What was the opinion of Socrates about the poets ? 

21. Translate Ch. XXXIV. (350 C) to 351. 

22. Explain rovg 6e avSpsiovg. . . .bpdag IdiioKoyrjca. 

23. What is the construction of {avroi) avruv and ^Tvplv /xadelv} 

24. Translate Ch. XXXVII. to E. 

Senior Class. 
Agamemnon of ^schylus. 

1. Give briefly life of ^schylus. 

2. Number of plays ascribed to him, and names of those extant. 

3. What is meant by trilogy ; by a tetralogy } 

4. Name the Orestean trilogy and their connection ; the tetralogy 
to which the Agamemnon belonged ; date of exhibition. 

5. Give an outline of the plot of the Agamemnon. 

6. Translate vv. 12-19. 

7. What is the apodosis to e*r' hv ? 

8. What is the allusion in evT^/Ltvuv7 

9. Translate vv. 33-37. 

10. Explain allusion in vv. 33 and 36. 

11. Translate vv. 104-120. 

12. Explain icrpiog as contrasted with preceding, and construction in 
vv. 105-107, didpovov KpciTog, and double allusion in vv. 112-114, and in 
119, and construction in 120. 

13. Translate vv. 144-155, 

14. What allusion in vv. 146 and 147? and explain rsKTova oi'/KpvTov. 

15. Translate vv. 173-178. 

16. What is the construction of cTnviKia'? of •n-ddTj fidOog'i 

17. Translate vv. 239-246. 

18. Explain wf iv ypa^aig and TpiToanovdov. 

19. Translate vv. 310-314. 

20. Give the names of the signal stations and the positions of each. 

21. Explain the meaning of aTramrov 'Id. irvpdg, and 2,afnra6. vojuoi. 



50 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

22. What other construction and sgnf. of v. 314? 

23. Translate vv. 475-484. 

24. Translate vv. 795-804. 

25. Construction of TmOe'iv in v, 796.'' 

26. Translate vv, 821-828. 

27. Explain 'A. 6dKog, Innov veoaaoq, and TD^eidduv dvaiv. 

PROMETHEUS VINCTUS OF iESCHYLUS. 

1. What plays ascribed to yEschylus on the subject of Prometheus, 
with their order and the subject of each 7 

2. Give outline of plot of Prometheus Vinctus more fully.? 

3. How many speakers allowed on the stage, by ^schylus and by 
Sophocles. 

4. How many actors required to perform the play, and same actors 
could take what parts in \\.} 

5. What is meant by prologue.? and where does the prologue of this 
play end ? 

6. What metre usually employed in entrance song of chorus } 

7. Give the, admissible feet in choriambic verse. 

8. Give the admissible feet in anapsestic verse. 

9. What is the regular completipn of an anapaestic system } 

10. What measures are scanned by two feet to a metre.? 

II What are the usual forms of choriambic verse.? and in what 
does a system often end .? 

12. Define dactyl, spondee, iambus, trochee, cretic, anapsest, amphi- 
brach, antispast, choriambus, pason, epitrite, Ionic a minore, Ionic a ma- 
jore, dochmius .? 

13. In V. 2 other reading for ajSarov, in v. 3 explain position of iSe 
and construction of col and en-iaroXas. 

14. In V. 10 explain wf av with sub]., in v. 12 constr. of a<p(Jv. 

15. In V. 14 Gvyyev^ may refer to actual relationship; what was it .? 

16. Derivation of e^upidi^eiv (17), cradevrug (22) dcfievog (23), -n-oiKiXei/iuv 
(24), TrdxvT/v and eciav (25), Au^^ctwv (27). 

17. Different legends implied in Qe/uiSoc 

18. Translate vv. 1 14-127. 

19. Scan vv. 128-135. 

20. Translate vv. 152-159. 

21. Explain construction of wf with indie, mood in v. 156-7. 

22. What Miltonic expression suggested by 158 .? 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 51 

23. Usual constr. of Tzpiv and reason for constr. in vv. 165 and 176. 

24. Scan vv. 171-178 and name and define the last line. 

25. Translate vv. 197-208. 

26. Explain wf with subj. in 202 and with opt. in 203, and what 
reading proposed in former. 

27. Translate vv. 462-468. 

28. In V. 465 what objections to yevuvd' and what substitute would 
avoid them ? 

29. Translate vv. 500-506. 

30. What to be supplied with ovdeig and what expresses the con- 
dition ? 

31. Scan V. 526-535. ' 

32. How is optative used in vv. 527-532, and diff. in pres, and aor.'' 

33. Scan vv. 574-588. 

34. In V. 627 and in v. ySy explain the use of /^v ov. 

35. Translate vv. yoy-y^i. 

36. Give generally the course of lo's wanderings from Argos till 
she reached the Delta. 

37. Translate last two paragraphs of the Hypothesis. 

38. Name the extant plays of ^Eschylus. 

Demosthenes De Corona. 

1. Give dates of birth and death of Demosthenes, and place and 
circumstances of his death. 

2. Who were his guardians, and how did they discharge their 
trust ? 

3. On what occasion did he first appear in court ? 

4. When did he first appear in public affairs ? 

5. What public offices did he fill.? 

6. What was the main purpose of his public career ? 

7. Date of indictment of Ctesiphon and of the Speech on the Crown. 

8. What were the legal grounds of the indictment alleged by 
^schines ? 

9. Why was the Speech of ^Eschines against Ctesiphon, and not 
against Demosthenes ? 

10. How did Demosthenes meet the legal charges ? 

11. What were the strong points of his defence? 

12. How was the time allotted to the speakers determined ? 

13. Translate Cap. XIII. 



52 COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 

14. Explain the terms ypa^^, ^i^v, avTu/ioaia, 6i6ko)v, (pev-yuv, tleiv SiKr/v, 
Tcpol3ob?i£Vjua, 'il)fj<^Lafia. 

15. Translate Cap. XVIII. to bpyii^ofihoc. 

16. Give causes and results of Sacred War. 

17. Explain av ((prjadf/vaL. 

18. Translate Cap. 29 to iroicvfxevovg . 

19. What were the divisions and duties of the Archons? 

20. How did the Athenians divide the year, and reckon the days of 
the month? Give the different expressions. 

21. Explain the expression £V7j iral veg,. 

22. What was the jiovTitjl how divided ? and what is meant by (pvlfiQ 
TTpvTavevo'vuTj^ HavSioviSog'^ give full explanation. 

23. Give some account of the ^vlai and rf^//o<. 

24. On what does 6e66x'&ac depend ? 

25. What is said of the genuineness of the documents introduced in 
this speech, and for what reasons ? 

26. What were the modes of voting? and what is the proper mean- 
ing of je^porovfO) ? 

27. Translate Cap. 52. 

28. What is the statement of Ulpian with regard to the pronuncia- 
tion of /LUG'^coTug, and the object of Demosthenes ? 

29. TafielLuvoQ ektij amovTog, what day of the month ? 

30. Translate the Decree of the Byzantines. 

31. Give Doric forms and equivalents. 

32. Explain the allusion to Attic usages in aleiTovpyijToig rdv ?iEi-ovp-yia.v. 

III. GEOGRAPHY. 
Modern. 

[The entrance examinations in Modern Geography are in general con- 
ducted orally, and are intended to cover not merely physical and political 
Geography, but also to test the student's general knowledge. The following 
questions were asked at the examination in June, 1882, and afford a good idea 
both as to the quality and quantity of what each candidate for admission is 
likely to be called upon to answer.] 

1. What is the Gulf Stream ? Describe fully, stating its effects. 

2. What are latitude and longitude ? Measured from what ? What 
are lat. and long, of New York ? 

3. Name chief mountain ranges of the U. S., giving their general di- 
rection and situation. What trreat ranoe in South America ? 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 53 

4. Name the great lakes N. of the U. S. Their outlet ? Into what 
does it empty ? 

5'. Principal rivers of the U. S. ? Name states on the S. bank of Ohio 
R. On N. bank? 

6. Bound France ; Spain ; Belgium. Principal rivers of Spain ? 
What separates France from Germany ? 

7. Describe course of the Rhine. 

8. Capital of Spain ? Portugal ? Norway ? Sweden ? 

9. How many states compose the German Empire ? Name the prin- 
cipal N. German states. The S. German ? Who is at the head of the 
German government.^ 

Ancient, 
1881. 

1. Bound Greece, Asia Minor, Arcadia, Boeotia, Phrygia, Cappado- 
cia. Name principal mts., rivers, gulfs, and cities of Greece, beginning 
from the N. 

2. What islands in y^gean Sea and what cities on W. coast of Asia 
Minor? Where was Susa ? Ecbatana ? Babylon? Alexandria? Cyrene ? 
Carthage ? 

3. Name the ancient divisions of Gaul ; of Spain. 

4. Principal rivers of Gaul and their courses ? 

5. What was the Roman name of Marseilles, Lyons, Paris? 

6. Chief cities of Spain ? 

7. Bound Latium. Why was Sicily called Trinacrium. ? Name 
capes of Sicily. 



54 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

IV. ENGLISH. 

[Note. — The entrance examinations are sometimes conducted orally and 
sometimes in writing. Students preparing are advised to give particular 
attention to pp. 67-71 of Quackenbos's Rhetoric] 

Freshman Examination in Rhetoric. 

Criticise the following extracts. 

Point out and define the figures that occur, stating which are faulty 
and why. Explain any violations of the essential properties of style. 
Name the elements of sublimity or beauty that you may find in any of 
the selections. 



"Ye ice-falls ! ye that from the mountain's brow 
Adown enormous ravines slope amain — 
Torrents, methinks, that heard a mighty voice, 
And stopped at once amid their maddest plunge ! 
Motionless torrents ! silent cataracts ! 
Who made you glorious as the gates of heaven 
Beneath the keen full moon ? Who bade the sun 
Clothe you with rainbows? Who with living flowers 
Of loveliest blue, spread garlands at your feet ? 
God ! let the torrents, like a shout of nations, 
Answer ! and let the ice-plains echo, God ! 
And they, too, have a voice — yon piles of snow. 
And in their perilous fall shall thunder, God !" 

— Cole7'idge. 
Sensational papers are calculated to injure the morals. — I shall take 
them up one by one in anatomical order ; that is to say, I shall proceed 
a capite ad calcem. — To Adam, Paradise was a home ; to the good 
among his descendants. Home is a paradise. 

" Thence up he flew, and on the tree of life 
Sat like a cormorant." 
I see before me the gladiator lie. — Flynn pursued the ancient avoca- 
tion of picking pockets. — The date palm will not fruit without its roots 
are well watered. — Sweets to the sweet. — To out-herod Herod. — A cat in 
gloves catches no mice. — Language is the amber in which a thousand 
precious thoughts have been preserved. — I have noticed the word " party "■ 
used for an individual occurring in Shakespeare. 

" Traitors may talk of England's going down 
In quicksands which their coward selves have sown — 
She swims in hearts like these !" 

Harrison Morrill had a very narrow escape from death recently. He 
was fastening the foreleg of an ox preparatory to shoeing, when he put 
his hind leg forward and over his neck, bringing his head and face in 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 55 

contact with the sling, tearing the flesh from one half of his forehead to 
the bone. — N. E. Newspaper. 

" But thousands die without or this or that ; 
Die, and endow a college or a cat." 

A pious fraud. — High interest, bad security. — Loquacious age. 

Raven tresses.— Hungry fire. — " Stonewall " Jackson. — Fond roof. 

Winged words. — Shattered hopes. — And now, sir, I must embark into 
the feature on which this subject hinges. — Confusion on thy banners 
wait. — He is shaky on that doctrine. — Her almost childhood.— I heard 
this from the driver, who heard it from the postman, who was at the 
gate. — Why resurrect that old theory? — He said that that "that " that 
that man considered was not that "that " that he mentioned. — It may be 
of advantage to briefly recapitulate these facts. — The Tory party is 
satiated with, if not proud of, past gains. — The others shall have used 
every tittle of the same matter without planting one murmur in the heart. 



Name the three great families of languages. To which of these doeS 
English belong ? Give an account of the emigrations from the original 
home of the Aryans, the settlement of Britain, and the changes which 
took place in the language of that island until modern English was 
formed. For what elements is our tongue indebted to the Danish } to the 
Norman French ? to the Celtic } to the Latin .'* 

Examination for Freshman Scholarship in Rhetoric. 

Give Bain's definition of Rhetoric. What are the three principal 
ends in speaking, and to what three departments of the human mind do 
they correspond } 

What is a figure of speech ? What are the Figures of Similarity ? 
Prove that the tracing of resemblances is natural to the human mind. Is 
Resemblance always a figure of speech ? 

What three places may the principal subject of the sentence occupy ? 
Illustrate. 

What does Bain say of Clearness } What of melody in words? 

[Note. — As the department of English is to be entirely reorganized at the 
beginning of the college year 1882-3, no further papers in English are given 
here, as the course of study is expected to be completely altered.] 

V. CHEMISTRY. 
Sophomore Class. Intermediate Exam. 

I. Define Matter. What forces does Matter possess? Kinds 
of Matter? 



56 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

2. Define Polarity. How may Repulsion be demonstrated experi- 
mentally ? 

3. Atomic force ? 

4. Oxygen : its occurrence in nature, discovery, preparation, func- 
tions ? — Ozone ? 

5. Hydrogen ? 

6. Kinds of Carbon ? Functions and uses ? 

7. The Atmosphere? Composition.-' 

8. Nitrogen ? 

9. Oxyhydrogen blow-pipe.'' 

10. Structure of flame ? 

(Final Examination 1879.) 

1. Bunsen burner.? The Davy safety lamp ? 

2. Sources of impurities in water ? 

3. Iodine, Bromine, Fluorine, Chlorine. 

4. Sulphur, 

5. Symbols for Carbon, Sulphur, Water, Ozone, Ammonia, Marsh 
Gas, Coal Gas, Nitrous Oxide, Sulphuretted Hydrogen, Nitrous Oxide, 
Carbonic Acid, Chlorine, Sulphurous Acid ? 

6. Preparation of Coal Gas. 

7. Give composition of principal mineral waters and describe fully. 

Examination for Sophomore Scholarship in Chemistry. 

1879. 

1. Dalton's Atomic Theory and Law of Chemical Combination. 

2. Quantivalence of the Elements. 

3. Describe process of photography. 

4. CO2. Causes of impurities in air. 

5. " Hard " water. 

6. Preparation of Coal Gas. 

7. Analysis of air. 

8. Expansion and contraction of Water.'* Specific Gravity.? 

9. Latent Heat. 

10. Spectrum Analysis. 

VL HISTORY. 

[Candidates for admission are now examined in Ancient History (Greece, 
Rome, and Persia so far as it was brought into connection with Greece.) Raw- 
linson's Manual is recommended. As the first examinations under the new 
requirements were those of 1882, the papers were not obtained early enough 
for insertion in this work. 

Junior Class. 
1880. 

I. Give an account of the overthrow of Richard II., and explain the 
title of Henry IV. to the English throne. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 57 

2. What great events and discoveries mark the beginning of the six- 
teenth century, as the dividing point between mediaeval and modern his- 
tory ? How did these things influence English History ? 

3. Explain the divorce question and the successive steps by which 
the English Reformation was carried through. 

4. What dangers threatened Queen Elizabeth on her accession, and 
by what policy did she attempt to meet them ? 

5. What was the policy of the successive Tudor sovereigns toward 
Parliament ? 

6. What were the claims of Parliament over against the Stuart sove- 
reigns as shown in the Petition of Rights, 1628 ; by the acts of the Long 
Parliament, 1640; and the Bill of Rights, 1689? 

7. What seems to have been Oliver Cromwell's idea of government in 
England, and how did he actually rule ? 

8. Did the Puritan Rebellion of 1 642-1 660 accomplish anything, and 
if so, what ? 

9. When and by what title did the House of Hanover come to the 
English throne ? 

10. What was the dominant influence in the government of England 
during the i8th century, and what circumstances determined this ? 

Senior Class, i88i. 
(Constitutional History of the U. S.) 

1. What is meant by the principle of Ultimate Sovereignty ? 

2. Describe the different forms of Colonial Government. 

3. Where was the ultimate sovereignty under the Confederation ? 

4. What guarantee does the Constitution contain for personal pro- 
tection ? 

5. What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.'' 

6. What was the first violation of the Constitution of 1789? 

7. What was the Missouri Compromise .'' 

8. Give Webster's and also Calhoun's theory of the Constitution. 

Vn. POLITICAL ECONOMY. 
Junior Class, 1880. 

1. Give a history of the English Poor Laws. 

2. What do you mean by Co-operation ? What are the supposed 
advantages to the laborer } Explain the system of the Rochdale Equita- 
ble Pioneers and of the Schultze-Delitsch Credit-Banks. 

3. What determines the rate of wages of labor, and what effect does 
the customary food of laborers have on their wages ? 



58 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

4. Explain the following sentence: "It will be clear that the 
machinery of a Trade's Union cannot increase wages by depressing the 
profits of capital." 

5. Explain and illustrate the following : "Banks of issue find it pos- 
sible to circulate a far larger amount of paper than the gold on which 
the paper is based." What effect does the abstraction of gold have in 
such a case ? 

6. What is meant by an income tax ; on wRat part of the income 
should it be levied and why ? 

• 7. Explain the origin of the Irish cottier system of land tenure, its 
evils and the proposed remedy. 

8. Explain the following sentences from the text book : 
" It (Protection) inflicts actual suffering or inconvenience on the 
public in order to secure a delusive benefit to individuals." " It will be 
clear also that the Protection cannot stimulate general industry." " In 
fact, whenever it (the state) protects particular kinds of labor it diminishes 
capital." " Every country enjoys a natural protection to its manufac- 
tures." 

VIII. PSYCHOLOGY. 

JUNIOR CLASS. 

1. In following lines point out the influence of the Association of 
Ideas on the Imagination : 

(«)• " How wonderful is Death ! 

Death and his brother, Sleep. 
One pale as yonder wan and horned moon, 

With lips of lurid blue; 
The other glowing like the vital moon 
When throned on Ocean's waves 
It breathes over the world; 
Yet both so passing strange and wonderful !" 

— Shelley, 

{b). " Be near me when my life is low 

When the blood creeps and the nerves prick 

And tingle, and the heart is sick 

And all the wheels of Being slow. 

* ** ***** 

Be near me when my faith is dry. 
And men the flies of latter spring 
That lay their eggs and sting and sing. 
And weave their petty cells and die." 

— Tennyson , 

2. What is the difference between Perception and Conception ? 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 59 

3. Show that the ideas of Cause and Effect can not be empirically 
derived. 

4. Can there be an emotion without knowledge to excite emotion ? 

5. Is self free to will ? 

6. Is man responsible ? 

IX. LOGIC. 
Junior Class, 1880. 

A. I. Define Logic. What characteristics have the Laws of 
Thought ? 

II. What is a singtdar term, a concrete term, a general term, a 
collective term, an abstract term } 

III. Which of the following terms are concrete } City, Grandeur , 
Black, WJio, Friendship. Which of the following are abstract } Child- 
hood, Book, Reason. 

IV. What is the quantity and quality of the following propositions ? 

Few men become great. 

Most great men are vain. 

Thousands were not unmoved by the sight. 

Not a few of the Greeks were philosophers. 

B. I. Define Middle Term, Major Premise, Enthymeme, Sorites.^ 
Mood, Figure, Illicit Process, Fallacy vf Composition, Fallacy of Ac- 
cident. 

II. What figure must have a negative conclusion ? Why } 

III. If one premise be O what must the other be } Why } 

IV. Why is O A O invalid in the fouith figure ? 

V. To what fallacy does A A A in the second figure give rise } 

SYLLOGISMS. 

1. No man can serve two masters; therefore I may serve three 
masters. 

2. It is a mistake to suppose that infidelity causes immorality ; for 
many infidels lead moral lives while many believers act immorally. 

3. My client is a very worthy man; his accuser is a man of bad cha- 
racter, therefore it is unlikely that my client should have done that of 
which he has been accused. 

4. If this man has a good political record, he should be re-elected. 
If he befriended the poor he should be re-elected. If he is a man of 
wealth he should be re-elected. Now, although he has no money and so 
has not befriended the poor, he has a good political record. Therefore 
he should be re-elected. 



6o COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

X. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY. 
Senior Class, Intermediate Examination: i88i. 

1. What was the first systematic development of Greek thought ? 

2. Give account of the theory of Parmenides the Eleatic. 

3. Give account of doctrines of Heracleitus. 

4. What were the chief sources of Plato's Dialectic ? 

5. What did Aristotle mean by Ethical Virtue ? 

6. Compare the Ethics of the Stoics with that of the Epicureans. 

7. Into what two periods may the Patristic Age be divided, and 
against whom were the polemics of the later fathers directed ? 

8. Give brief account of Abelard's philosophy. 

9. Give the Christian Aristotelians and show how they combined 
theology with philosophy. 

Final Examination: 1881. 

1. Name and define the Idols of the Baconian philosophy. 

2. What is the defect of Bacon's method } 

3. According to Hobbes, how does the Commonwealth arise from 
man's natural .state .'' 

4. In what way did Locke explain the origin of our ideas ? 

5. Explain the following terms of Locke's Philosophy : Simple and 
Complex Ideas ; Modes ; Siibstances. 

6. What was the foundation of Berkeley's Idealism ? 

7. What is Berkeley's doctrine as to the general notion or idea ? 

8. How did Hume reach the position of maintaining that all know- 
ledge is of impressions and ideas ? 

9. Show the difference between Hume's belief and Berkeley's ideas as 
to Mind } 

10. How did Reid oppose Hume and on what foundation did he en- 
deavor to raise a constructive system ? 

11. Explain Thomas Brown's doctrine of perception. 

12. What is meant by the Relativity Theory of knowledge .'' 

13. What is John Stuart Mill's doctrine of Cause and Effect } 

XI. GEOLOGY. 
Senior Class Intermediate Exam., 1881. 

1. Give the Nebular Hypothesis. 

2. Give the four groups of minerals of the common rocks. 

3. Kinds of rocks ? The Gulf Stream .-* 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 6l 

4. Three conditions of rock masses, with positions of strata ? 

5. Divisions of Geological Time ? 

6. Rocks of the Archsean era — kinds and distribution ? 

7. The Lower Silurian ? 

8. Periods of the Upper Silurian era, with rocks of each ? 

Final Examination, 1881, 

1. Give an account of the Devonian Age. 

2. Give an account of the flora and fauna of the Carboniferous Age. 

3. Explain the formation of coal beds, with an account of some of 
them. 

4. Divisions of the Reptilian age, and named from what ? 

5. Flora and fauna of the first two periods ? 

6. How are the Tertiary strata divided ? 

7. Periods of the Quaternary Age ? Give some account of each. 

XII. LATIN. 
Entrance Examination. 

1. Translate Csesar, B. G., I. from Gallis jnagno to cceperunt, and 
VI., 20. 

2. Decline scutis, pedem, mami, ruinore, and vulnerzbus, adding of 
what Declension and Gender each is, and the characteristic of the De- 
clension. 

3. Decline nudo, uno, and phcribus, describing the classes of adjec- 
tive according to Declension. 

4. Qoxw^^dx^ inula, su7nmis,falsis,2x\A prima, giving chief rules of 
Comparison, 

5. DecUne quce, se, alio, and qtiis, and define each class of pronouns. 

6. Give principal parts of all verbs in second passage ; state of what 
conjugation each verb in first passage is, and when the form is made. 

7. Translate Cic. in Cat. II., ix., from Hi dum CEdificant. Translate 
Cic. pro Lege Manil. xxii., 65 and 66. 

8. Give rules of syntax for Case or Agreement, or both, of all nouns, 
adjectives and pronouns in first three lines of first passage, and for use of 
all infinitive and subjunctives in second passage. 

9. Translate ^neid, III. 294-305, and VI. 548-556. 

10. Describe metre of the above, and mark off feet and metrical 
pause of first five verses. 

11. Give rule of Quantity for each syllable in first three verses. 

12. Translate into Latin: ici) You seized that town on the first of 



62 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

November, {b) I found out this when your meeting had broken up, ^c) 
The eyes of many will watch you. {d) I think your house ought to be 
left by you. {e) A little while ago you could distinctly hear their voices. 
(/) You understand what he thinks of you. {g) No one is so bad as 
not to admit this, {/i) Two knights were found to free you from that 
trouble. 

Freshman Class. Odes of Horace, 

1. Give the principal events of the life of Horace, with the dates of 
his birth and death. 

2. Name his works in the probable order of their publication. 

3. What peculiar character distinguishes the ode from other kinds of 
poetry.'' Was this distinction at first peculiar to any one species of poet- 
ical composition ? 

4. Under what four denominations may all odes be comprised ? 

5. In what points may Horace be said to excel as regards the style 
of his composition in the odes .'' 

6. What class of Greek poets did he especially imitate } Name three 
of this class. 

7. What was the Carmen Seciilare? What the subject of the epis- 
tle to the Pisones ? 

8. To whom do we probably owe the term Epode, and to what pecu- 
liarity of the poem, so-called, has the word particular reference ? 

9. Translate, scan and prove Ode I., 16, 13-16. 

10. What is the Complementary Infinitive ? Quote examples from 
the odes. In all cases of its occurrence with an adjective what broad re- 
semblance holds ? 

1 1 . What two constructions with verbs of changing and exchanging ? 
Which the more common ? Give an example of each? 

12. Translate I., 11. 

13. Substitute two forms of the Imperative for ne quaesieris. 

14. The construction oi scir'e nefas and o^ queju—dederiiit? 

15. AmXyzt tit vieh'us qiiidquz'd erit pati. 

16. Sapi'as, Liqiies. When may the second person of the Present 
Subjunctive be substituted for the Imperative in prose ? When in poetry } 

17. Translate I., 17, 24-28. 

18. What construction follows verbs of fearing? 

19. Compare the force of male here with that of the same word in 
I.. 9. 24- 

20. Translate I., 18, 7-16. 

21. Plus nimio. Account in two ways for the ablative. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 63 

22. Arcuiiique fides prodiga. What figure of rhetoric here ? Derive 
and define it. 

23. Translate I., 31, 17-20. 

24. Frtd paratzs valido niihi dones. Change the form and con- 
struction of these words to suit prose. 

25. Quote Juvenal in illustration of the thought expressed in this 
stanza. 

26. Translate I., 34. 

27. What two principal systems of philosophy current at Rome in 
Horace's time ? Of what state of mind with reference to each of these 
would this ode seem to be an expression ? What and where expressed in 
his writings is the doctrine that is here apparently surrendered } 

28. Give a rule for the use of the genitive after consultus. 

29. Why place a comma aiitr plertunque rather than after dividens? 

30. Derive and explain Diespiter, bruma, sobrius, tragcedia, fastics. 

31. Translate II., 3, 21-28. 

32. Analyze the construction in Divesne — jnoreri's. What the case 
of victiJna, and why } 

33. What feet compose the Sapphic verse? Quote an example. 
Where in the line does the principal caesura fall } 

34. Translate into Latin : — 

Thou shalt not kill. The keepers are to guard the gates ; they are 
not to sleep. The general shut the gates of the camp that the enemy 
might not rush into the camp with the fleeing recruits. If you had called 
the physician, you would have been delivered from the disease. If you 
were industrious you would be praised. Would that we had preserved 
our liberty. Would that the man were setting up the statue in our gar- 
den. May the enemy not carry the city. O Gajus Julius Csesar, thou 
hast saved the state, but thou hast destroyed freedom, 

Cicero De Senectute. 

1. What is the peculiar form in which both the Cato Major and the 
Laelius are cast } 

2. What reason for adopting this form as given in opening chapter of 
the Laelius ? 

3. Supposed date of Cato's discourse ? Scene of the Laelius laid in 
midst of what revolution ? 

4. Give family tree, with names in full, of Scipios mentioned in Cato 
Major. 

5. Who are dramatis personce in the Laelius ? The friendship of 
what two men forms ground of discussion } 

6. Translate De Senec. XI. to cogiimtr. 



64 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

7. Ne stnt ; account for mode. On what may the clause be said to 
depend } 

8. No}i vwdo ; what word omitted after 7nodo ? Under what condi- 
tions does this omission generally occur? 

9. Translate XV. from quid ego to delectetit. 

10. Account for mode in coniineinorcin, noscatis, procreet, delecient. 

1 1 . Derive orius, sattis, incrcmenta, from their verbs. 

12. Derive and define malleoli, sarme7ita, viviradices, propagines, 

13. Translate XXIII. from quod quidem to 7ton videre. 

14. Account for five subjunctives in the passage. 

15. What is dependence of z^/ — essetit? 

16. In phrase: ^z«'(/$'?^£'rf what is omitted ? Hence what the depend- 
ence oi quod — moritur? 

17. Supply what is omitted between ille and vzvere. 

18. Translate XXII., from sic miki io rocordari. 

19. Turn words from quiiin to relictiiriis into oratio recta. 

20. What is meant by principimn niottis ? 

21. What distinction between interire 3.ndi perire f 

22. Analyze construction from niagno to recordari, and account for 
subjunctives. 

23. From what writings of what author are these ideas on the immor- 
tality of the soul chiefly borrowed ? 

24. What customs denoted by following infinitives : Salutari, appeti, 
decedi, assurgi, deduci, reduci, constcli? 

25. Translate into Latin : Would that the Master were setting up 
the statue in our garden. — The herdsman killed the wolves lest they should 
devour the lambs. — The keepers are to guard the gates ; they are not to 
sleep. — The Romans conquered their enemies both on sea and land. 

Freshman Scholarship in Latin. 

1. Translate Cic. De Senec. XXII., from atque etiavi to servabitis. 

2. Form the above into oratio obliqua, depending on a verb of past 
time. 

3. Derive and define : deliratio, quincunx, elogium, devorsoriuju^ 
compagibus, imperium, synephebis, consiiiones, insitio7ies, vi^ieis, arbus- 
tis, examinibus. 

4. What four causes of complaint against old age are successively 
discussed by Cato } 

5. What is shown by use of subjunctive in statement of these causes. 

6. Translate into Ciceronian Latin : I have no reason for finding 
fault with old age. To the old age of Appius Claudius it was added also. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 65 

that he was bUnd. According to our practice, fathers who manage their 
affairs badly are wont to be interdicted from their possessions. I could 
wish, to be sure, that I were able to make the same boast as Cyrus. O, 
wretched old man, not to have seen in so long a life, that death should 
be despised, which either is wholly to be regarded with indifference if it 
entirely annihilates the soul, or even is to be wished for, if it leads to 
some place where it is going to be eternal. But the old man has not 
even anything to hope for. For we must surely die and perhaps this 
very day.* 

Sophomore Class, 
Satires of Horace. 

1. Write a brief life of Horace, describing his works and giving date 
of the production of each. 

2. Translate I Sat. VI. 110-131. 

3. Hoc: what form does Horace interchange with this? Milibiis 
atque aliis ; remark fully a position of atqiie here and state whether this 
position occurs in Virgil. Quacunqice libido est — quanti olus ac far : 
supply ellipsis in each case here, and remark on the second. Vesper- 
tinum : what is the force of this, what could you substitute for it, and 
what other instance of the same usage have you had } Lapis albus : how 
otherwise was this distinguished } Echinus : what other two words have 
you had for this } Campana supellex : what does this mean and what 
term was used in contrast with it ? Obeundus Marsya qui etc. : explain 
this allusion fully. Un^uor olivo Nan qtco, etc. : show that there was no 
exaggeration here. Suavius ac si : what is the meaning of ac here, and 
how did it acquire this meaning ? 

4. Translate, I Sat. X. 1-19. 

5. What can you say to relieve the abruptness of the beginning of 
this satire ? Luc Hi : give some account of this writer, and state when 
Horace has mentioned him before. Sale : what two figurative ideas 
are implied in this word here } Ptilchra poemata : give an equivalent for 
this. Nee hoc tribuetis dederirn altera : what kind of a sentence is this^ 
and what would be the common form ? Lassas onerantibus : give various 
instances of this juxtaposition of words and explain each. Vicein : what 
word can be substituted for this ? Secat : explain the figure here. Coinoedia 
prisca : describe different classes of Gk. Comedy. Simius iste : who is 
probably meant by this ? Calvutn, Catulhtm : give an account of these 
two authors and the other names of the group to which the latter be- 
longed. 

6. Give rule of quantity for the italicised vowels in the following 

*In scholarship examinations the special examination usually has a weigiit 
of about }i\ the general exam., %. 



66 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

words : iecerat, unguz'bus, d/vellere, moxAzciis, caput, fort?^na, s<?cundus, 
pifdem, turg/dus, ego. 

J. Give derivation, or composition, or both, of the following, adding 
any illustration or explanation that you can : nempe, dico {to say), versus, 
magnus, fero, tam, ignosco, pullus {dark colored) lex, scalpo. 

Germania and Agricola of Tacitus. 

1. State what is known of the life of Tacitus, adding names of the 
great authors belonging to the same period with him. 

2. Give some account of his various writings, stating the probable 
reason why his principal works have come down to us in imperfect con- 
dition, and of which work the authenticity has been questioned and on 
what grounds. 

3. Mention some of the characteristics of his style, adding illustra- 
tions, and state whom of the Romans he seems to have imitated, and 
whom of the Greeks. 

4. Translate Germania, XVI. 

5. popidis : how do you decide whether this is a dative or an ab- 
lative ? safz's tiotmn est : remark on this use of satis and give another 
instance of it from Tacitus. 

ac : what is the general distinction between the use of atque and ac} 
utfotis, ut campus, etc. : remark on the repetition of the particle here, in 
nostrum niorem : how else does Tacitus say this ? suarn quisqiie doni- 
uni : quote the case in which Tacitus departs from this order, reinedi- 
um : what two distinct meanings had this word ? citra speciem aut 
delectationem : why does az^/, not ac stand here, as h&\ovj picturam ac 
lineamenta? snfficgiunt hienii et receptactthwi frugibiis: how do^s 
Tacitus vary this construction? rigoruni frigorimi: are these words 
etymologically connected ? 

6. Translate German : XLV. to Gerviatwruni inertia laborant. 

7. Suionas : account for this Greek form, and give the names 
kindred to this. 

marepigrum: what was the cause of this, and how does Tacitus 
elsewhere explain it .'' cingi cludique : what is the construction of these 
infinitives.'* cludi : in what part of this verb does he use another form 
and of what other word does he use a bye-form ? somini-adicit : explain 
these phenomena, give Halm's reading for deorum, and account for the 
number of capitis. Suevici maris : what is the modern name of this, 
and the ancient designation of the Southern part } Gcrmanortim in- 
ertia : explain this, and give other characteristics of the Germani and 
allied races, mentioned by Tacitus. 

8. Translate Agric. IX., to sordidum arbitrabatur. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 67 

* 

Junior Class. 
Satires of Juvenal. 

1. What is known of the life of Juvenal ? 

2. State the argument of the satire — semper ego auditor tajttum ? 
Nuniquanine reponam. 

3. Translate I. Sat. I. 127-146. 

4. Spatula : what changes in meaning did this word undergo ? 
jtirisque peritus Apollo: explain allusion. Nescio quis : what is the 
usual force of this expression, and what pronoun does Juvenal use as an 
equivalent to it ? Arabarchus : what other reading here, and what ex- 
planation of each ? ignis: what word would regularly have stood here, 
and what other word does Juvenal jocosely use to designate a poor man's 
fuel? orbibus : what two words are synonymous with this and what 
term have you had in Horace for the table of the poor ? Luxuri(2 sor- 
des : what is common form of this expression and what advantage has 
this form } cojivivia : what is the meaning of the word here and what 
does Cic. say of its full and proper force ? 

5. What is the subject of the Satire — Ecce iterimi Crispinus? 

6. Translate I. Sat. IV. 136-154. 

7. Falerno : describe place where this wine and the Calenum were 
produced. Tempestate : distinguish tempus, tempestas and procella, 
Circeis Lticrimim Saxum, Rutupino fitndo: describe these places, 
Echi7ms : what two things does this term signify in Nat. History ^ Al- 
banam arcem : what place is meant by this and why is this word arcein 
used here ? diversis partibus orbis : what word is diversis used for 
here and who had used this phrase before Juvenal } cerdonibus Lamiar- 
ufn : derive cerdonibus and state what is the relation of these terms. 

8. What is treated of in the Satire — Si te propositi nonduin pudet, 
etc ? 

9. Translate I. Sat. V. 51-66. 

10. aliam : here equivalent to diversain : give the proper distinction 
between the two words, nigri Mauri : account for the repetition of idea 
here, and give other instances of it. Latince and calidce gelidceque : Sup- 
ply ellipses here and add other cases of them. Ne te teneam : what is 
this use of subjunctive called, by what word is it properly translated, and 
what other phrases equivalent to this can you adduce from Juvenal and 
Horace } sedforjna, sed aetas : state what is peculiar in this rare use of 
the adversative conjunction and cite other instances of it. 

(1881). Translate into Dactylic Hexameters: — 

" Aurora brought fair light to wretched men, 
Renewing all their work and all their toil." 
Translate into Elegiacs : — 

" And so through all your life your hearts were one, 
Firm to the end your faithful trust." 



68 columbia college. 

Cicero de Officiis. 

1. Give a brief sketch of Roman Philosophy, describing the chief 
works that have come down to us. 

2. What natural causes made the Romans inferior to the Greeks in 
this study ? 

3. State what gave occasion to this treatise, from what sources 
Cicero informs us that it was drawn, adding the Argument of the First 
Book. 

4. Translate I. v., 14,, 15. 

5. honest urn : what is meant by this term here, and how does it 
differ from the term now employed by philosophy for this purpose ? 

6. quattiior partium: what are the simple designations of the quali- 
ties here described } 

7. m—versatur: give the various equivalents which Cicero employs 
for this. 

8. 171 quo inest : what other construction, common in later Latin, 
might stand here .'' 

9. ex ea parte — inest : account for the occurrence of this solecism. 

10. Ut — solet : point out the irregularity of form in this period. 

11. rite: .what is the collateral form of this, and what analogous 
cases can you adduce ? 

12. Translate I. xi., 35 and 36. 

13. ob earn causam, ut : what might you substitute for the antecedent 
in this formula .? 

14. zininajies : give the ancient and the modern derivation of this 
word. 

1 5. Tusculanos — Hernicos : which people of these five was first ad- 
mitted to the Civitas Ro7nana, and at what date } 

16. Karthaginem — Nuniantiam — Coriiithuvi: what are the dates of the 
events here alluded to, and what was the avowed reason for the reduction 
of Corinth } 

17. quae — habitiira sit — quos vi deviceris : why have these clauses 
the subjunctive mood, and how may you change the form of the first with- 
out changing the sense ? 

18. si nan — at: what particle is sometimes found with a/ in this 
formula ? 

19. earuni patroni essent : give instances of this from Roman 
History. 

20. Translate I. xxvii., 94. 

21. ncc vero agere quidquatn : supply the ellipsis here, and cite other 
cases of remarkable ellipsis in this work. 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 69 

22. caiisam probabtletn : from what does Cicero distinguish this in 
the introduction to this work ? 

23. appeiitus ratwm : what does Cicero say elsewhere of these, 
what is the modern division of the powers of the mind, and by what cir- 
cumlocutions does Cicero denote the Sensibility? 

24. constantia : in what different senses does Cicero employ this 
term ? 

25. animi — corpora: remark on the use of the plural here, and in 
abstract nouns, as fortiiiidincs, and the like. 

Junior Scholarship in Latin: 1880. 
Cicero De Officiis, 
i I., X., 33, from exisitmt Vo proverbium. 

1. Translate : ) I., xii., 37. 

( I., iv., II. 

2. Sed maliiosa : what difficulty lies in these words and if, against 
some authorities, they are retained, how can we meet the difficulty ? 

3. Vocareiitr : what is the force of the Subjunctive and what trouble- 
some irregularity is therein the form of the sentence ? 

4. In comparing man with the lower animals, what points of differ- 
ence and what of agreement does Cicero indicate? 

5. Non male : what adverbs, by the usage of Cicero elsewhere, might 
take the place of this negative expression ? 

6. Operatn exigendant esse: state what is the construction of the 
infinitive here and give other instances of it. Uti tit : if Cicero had 
cared to avoid the use of ut after uti what adverbs had he the choice of? 

7. What is the difference between the use of etiam in the first and 
second sentences, and what third and uncommon use of it have you had ? 

SENIOR CLASS. 
QuiNTiLiAN, Tenth Book.* 

1. Give the principal facts in the life of Quintilian. 

2. What evidence is there that he received his early education in 
Rome? 

3. State briefly the contents of the several books of the Institutes. 

4. Give some account of Cicero's great work on the same subject, 
adding a comparison of the two. 

5. What are Cicero's other works on the same subject? 

6. Translate 

In lectione certius indicium, quod audienti frequenter aut suus 
cuique favor aut ille laudantium clamor extorquet. Puclet enim dissen- 

* Examinations of the Senior Class have of late been partly oral. The 
paper given above was used in 1872. 



70 COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 

tire, et velut tacita quadam verecundia inhibemur plus nobis credere, cum 
interim et vitiosa, pluribus placent, et a corrogatis laudantur etiam quae 
non placent. Sed e contrario quoque accidit, ut optime dictis gratiam 
prava iudicia non referant. Lectio libera est nee actionis impetu trans- 
currit ; sed repetere saepius licet, sivedubites sive memoriae affigere velis. 
Repetamus autem et tractemus, et ut cibos mansos ac prope liquefactos 
demittimus, quo facilius digerantur, ita lectio non cruda, sed multa itera- 
tione mollita et velut confecta, memoriae imitationique tradatur. 

7. interini ; what particle would have stood here in the earlier 
Latin ? 

8. a corrogatis laudantur : how does Pliny the Younger designate 
these persons ? 

9. e co7itrario : what is the more usual form for this } 

10. optime dictis : explain and illustrate the presence here of an ad- 
verb with a word commonly used as a noun. 

11. Rfpetamus — et tractemus: if the view be adopted that the 
prefix re- affects both verbs in this passage, what illustration of it can be 
adduced ? 

12. quo facilius digera?itur : state under what circumstances tit and 
quo interchanged as final particles, and what was the probable origin of 
the use of quo in such a clause as this. 

13. Translate. 

Plurimum dicit oratori conferre Theophrastus lectionem poetarum, 
multique eius indicium sequuntur; nequeimmerito. Namque ab his in rebus 
spiritus et in verbis sublimitas et in affectibus motus omnis et in personis 
decor petitur, praecipueque velut attrita cotidiano actu forensi ingenia op- 
time rerum talium blanditia reparantur. Ideoque in hac lectione Cicero 
requiescendum putat. Meminerimus tamen non per omnia poetas esse 
oratori sequendos, nee libertate verborum nee licentia figurarum ; genus 
ostentationi comparatum, et praeter id, quod solam petit voluptatem eam- 
que etiam fingendo non falsa modo, sed etiam quaedam incredibilia seca- 
tur, patrocinio quoque aliquo iuvari : quod alligata ad certam pedum nec- 
essitatem non semper uti propriis possit, sed depulsa recta via necessario 
ad eloquendi quaedam deverticula confugiat, nee mutare quaedam modo 
verba, sed extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogatur; nos vero 
armatos stare in acie et summis de rebus decernere et ad victoriam niti. 
Neque ero arma squalere situ ac rubigine velim, sed fulgorem inesse quiter- 
reat, qualis est ferri, quo mens simul visusque praestringitur non qualis 
auri argentique, imbellis et potius habenti periculosus. 

14. nequeimmerito. Namque: what are the other forms of this 
formula, and what is the Greek equivalent .-* 

15. Cicero — putat : what is referred to here.' 

16. mutare — extendere, corripere, convertere, dividere cogatur: 



COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 71 

give in Latin one or more instances of each kind of poetic license alluded 
to in these words. 

17. auri argeftii'gue : is this the invariable order of these ideas in 
Latin ? 

The Andrian of Terence. 

1. What are the leading facts in the life of Terence? 

2. Mention his Plays in the order of performance, and state why it 
is supposed that we have all the Plays he wrote. 

3. Give briefly the Plot of the Andrian, and state what imitations 
there are of it in the French and in the English Drama. 

4. Translate Act 1., iv. 46-73. 

5. Qiias credis esse has : State what pronoun Quas stands for here, 
explain the attraction oi has^ and quote other similar cases of attraction 
in this play. 

6. Quor : What is the origin of this word, and under what other 
forms does it occur ? 

7. gnatz : Account for the presence of the guttural here and illus- 
ti^ate it. 

8. excessit ex ephebis and neqiiid nimis : Give the Greek original 
for these expressions and add any other translations or imitations from 
the Greek in this Play. 

9. plerique omnes : What writer before, and what one after, Terence, 
used this expression .'' 

10. ad philosophos : Supply the Ellipsis here, and add some of the 
frequent Ellipses that occur in Terence's style, illustrating them by English 
usage where you can. 

11. egregie praet.er cetera: Give other instances of repetition of 
ideas in Terence, colloquial or comical. . 

12. quibus erat quomque : What figure of Syntax does this order 
fall under, and what other case of it occurs in what you have read } 

13. Obsequiuni arnicos, Veritas odium par it : Give such other prov- 
erbs as you remember from Terence, and state what ancient writers 
quoted this. 

14. hue viciniae : Give other special instances of this construction 
in this Play. 

15. Translate Act IL, Sc. H.-IIL, vv. 380-403. 

16. dictum ac factum : What particle is this phrase equivalent to, 
and what illustrations can you give of the phrase ? 

17. eiciat : Show how this form arose. 

18. Cedo : Give the probable origin of this and of the plural form. 

19. Numquam faciam : What verb does faciam represent here, 
what is the usage ot Terence about the repetition of the verb in such case, 
and what illustrations of it from other languages can you give ? 



EXAMINATION 
PAPERS 

USED DURING THE YEARS 

I 877- I 882 



Harvard, Yale, Columbia, 
Cornell, Amherst and Williams Colleges. 



COLLECTED AND ARRANGED 

BY 

HARRY THURSTON PECK, M.A. 

FELLOW OF COLUMBIA COLLEGE. 



New York : 

GiLLiss Brothers, 

75 & 77 Fulton Street. 



1882. 



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